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[Music]

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[Applause]

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the smoke radio for the masses headline

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edition july 8 1947

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the army air forces has announced that a

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flying bist has been found and is now in

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the possession of the army

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if the game is rigged change the game

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game changer

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i occasionally think how quickly

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our differences worldwide

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would vanish

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if we were facing an alien threat from

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this is fade to black with your host

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jimmy church on the game changer radio

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network and kgra the global radio

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i need your help to get to the year

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[Music]

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you are listening to fate to flag with

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jimmy judge on the game changer network

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welcome fade to black

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[Music]

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for

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masses

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[Music]

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yeah

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how you doing

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how are you doing

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today's tuesday july 9 2019

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[Music]

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189 days into the new year just 176 days

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left we are live from a bunker

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somewhere in the middle of beautiful

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downtown burbank california and i would

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like to welcome everybody listening all

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around the world

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all across the united states

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hither and tether

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to and fro

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back and forth up and down east and west

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this is fade to black for kj cr the game

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changer network and kg are a the planet

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i am your host

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jimmy church

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what is cracking everybody how you doing

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[Music]

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so looking forward to tonight's show

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isaac arthur is back

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and tonight's

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tonight

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is isaac's job

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is to make me look

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yeah man he's great

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and tonight we're going to discuss clark

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isaac's got a whole video series on this

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and he discusses

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uh quite often a lot of the subjects

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we're going to go through tonight

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but clark tech technology's

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indistinguishable

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from magic

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so that's tonight a lot to discuss and

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i'm i'm really looking forward to this

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my my quest is to learn isaac is the

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host of science and futurism with isaac

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arthur on youtube he's got over 300 000

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subscribers nearly 200 episodes covering

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topics like colonizing the solar system

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interstellar travel the fermi paradox

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artificial intelligence other topics

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representing the possible future paths

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of the challenges for humanity isaac

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received his degree in physics from kent

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state university graduating top of his

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class at the age of 20 and remain there

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for graduate studies before joining the

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united states army and serving in iraq

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he also

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ready worked as a civilian researcher at

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the air force institute of technology in

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dayton ohio that's right and after the

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military returned home in ohio and

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serves as the chairman of the board of

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elections for his area when not working

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on his channel the website of course is

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isaacarthur.net

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i'd like to welcome back to fade to

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black isaac arthur isaac good evening

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man how are you

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i'm doing great jimmy thanks for having

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me back on man great to hear your voice

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my man great to hear your voice i you

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know um

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uh

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guys like you um isaac

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uh sometimes i get a little intimidated

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because i don't have that education

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behind me and i try

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uh to self you know to be self-taught

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and learn and acquire

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uh these very intimidating things but

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but with you i'm totally comfortable and

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i think that that resonates through

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your uh the popularity that you have uh

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achieved on your channel that you break

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this down for everybody that is out

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there hungry for this knowledge but they

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don't know where to get it and and i

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just want to thank you for that because

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uh you have a very sensible way

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of presenting this until

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you get down to those crazy

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crazy

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mathematical symbols

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it it and and this is where i want to

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start okay when i look at

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um

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some formula

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something that breaks down you got an

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equal sign in the middle right

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you got these things going on both sides

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is that a secret is that a secret

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language is that something that prevents

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anybody else from looking at it because

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honestly you could write anything on

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that chalkboard and most people don't

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understand it

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you know i was about to say that it's

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not a secret language but i think

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they've actually used geometry and

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things like that as secret languages a

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few times in the past

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um

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and

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i mean the idea with the math of course

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is that these concepts are easier done

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and described accurately with math but

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usually feel as one of the reasons why

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we never put anything up there much more

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complex than algebra on the screen at

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least um

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if you've got to use a lot of math to

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explain it as a concept not to work with

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it but to explain it

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you're probably not understanding as

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well as you can yourself so

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unfortunately that does tend to break

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down for some things like general

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relativity and string theory those you

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you really do need the math on those

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right you know i remember um

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he recently talked about this and uh but

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i remember uh watching a documentary a

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few years ago on

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uh radar

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and how planes are tracked and how they

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do this accurately and they couldn't do

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it until they inserted

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um a random negative uh uh integer

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number in in it

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that technically meant nothing but it

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was the only way that they could get the

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software and the numbers to work

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for these very complex radar systems

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that are used all around the world

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and and i thought to myself that doesn't

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make any sense

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where does that come from and you

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recently addressed this and i remember

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you saying something like well okay that

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the forget about the negative number

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there um but it it needs to be there

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again this adds to the mystery for for

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most of us that don't understand math

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and we get into these equations right

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what's the need for something like that

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but it adds to

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uh the complexity of it where we just

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can't wrap our minds around it uh isaac

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yeah i mean i get a great example is

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those negative numbers so much what we

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talk about in in physics we talk about

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things like wormholes or time travel or

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going faster than light that all relies

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on negative numbers and

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they work great in math but they're kind

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of like accounting and uh the only real

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excuse we have for using them is it does

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look like the universe sometimes engages

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in accounting itself so you could have a

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negative dollar on a sheet of paper but

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you can't really have one in your hand

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and uh it looks like at the quantum

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level at least maybe the universe

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actually does let you have negatives for

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counting purposes

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and uh negative mass now we're going to

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get into some real subjects here in a

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second everybody but negative mass is

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something that we're going to discuss a

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few times tonight too as well

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and to make some of these very complex

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uh theories and ideas work

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negative mass comes into play uh explain

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that really quick because we're gonna

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we're gonna mention this quite a few

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times tonight well the one downside with

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negative mass is that what we call mass

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is actually kind of three correlated

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things there's mass or inertial mass how

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hard it is to push on something so if it

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had a negative um an inertial mass if

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you pushed on it would come towards you

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that you got negative gravitational mass

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in terms of the attractive component uh

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which you say would push you away if it

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was a planet of negative mass it would

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push you away but of course you could

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never have such thing because it

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couldn't form would push itself apart

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and then you've got the other one which

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is the responsiveness to it which should

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be your anti-gravity example you don't

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respond to gravity when it pulls on you

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by falling towards things you fall away

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and each of these properties and

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negative mass could theoretically have

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one two or three of those

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is incredibly useful if the stuff exists

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right and so

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um okay now this is where i've got a a

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list of a few questions

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um

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that i want to discuss gravity first and

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and try to simplify it

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um

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you just stated uh that gravity pulls

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yes it's the only purely attractive

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force we have

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but all the others push or pull

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but

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yet i feel that it pushes too

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in other words uh

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couldn't it be the same

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thing

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gravity doesn't change but depends on

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what side of it you're on

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well it's i mean this is the big problem

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with gravity it's the oldest force we

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know of but we know so little about it

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and it's so much weaker than the others

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some folks think that it's probably tied

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into dark energy which is expanding

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space and time which is what gravity

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doesn't do it contracts it right right

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and then they'll also say well maybe

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gravity's leaking over from other

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dimensions so that's why it's so weak

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it's trying to do all of our parallel

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realities at the same time

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and i mean there are so many different

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versions of this and and there's there

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are great theories for this too and

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there's so much good stuff on paper

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the problem is it's all on paper we

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haven't got any empirical evidence to

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support any of these theories yet now

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i've i've got a few uh things that i

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want to pop out there uh including these

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questions but when we discuss gravity

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we have

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gravity at the quantum level

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right

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we have gravity of our earth we have the

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moon we have what's holding us to the

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sun the sun is moving around it's not

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the center of our solar system it's

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actually in orbit around a central point

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too as well so there's gravity there

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then we have the gravity of

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what is holding our milky way together

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and it it it just expands expands but

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yet out in the

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universe things are moving outward and

285
00:11:29,030 --> 00:11:27,040
they're not pulling inward and there

286
00:11:31,990 --> 00:11:29,040
isn't a central spot

287
00:11:33,990 --> 00:11:32,000
of gravity holding everything together

288
00:11:36,790 --> 00:11:34,000
so it doesn't it doesn't really make

289
00:11:38,790 --> 00:11:36,800
sense to me that we have different types

290
00:11:40,230 --> 00:11:38,800
of gravity

291
00:11:41,910 --> 00:11:40,240
well we can make it even worse these are

292
00:11:43,269 --> 00:11:41,920
the same types of gravity in theory but

293
00:11:45,030 --> 00:11:43,279
we always say you can't move anything

294
00:11:47,030 --> 00:11:45,040
faster than speed of light and yet the

295
00:11:48,550 --> 00:11:47,040
super majority of mass we can observe is

296
00:11:50,310 --> 00:11:48,560
actually traveling away from us faster

297
00:11:52,069 --> 00:11:50,320
than lights

298
00:11:53,910 --> 00:11:52,079
um but

299
00:11:55,590 --> 00:11:53,920
the thing is the gravity to the best of

300
00:11:57,110 --> 00:11:55,600
our knowledge acts the same at every

301
00:11:59,030 --> 00:11:57,120
scale it's just whether or not it's

302
00:12:00,949 --> 00:11:59,040
dominant when you're dealing at the

303
00:12:02,470 --> 00:12:00,959
quantum level assuming even functions

304
00:12:04,550 --> 00:12:02,480
right we have no working theory for

305
00:12:06,389 --> 00:12:04,560
quantum gravity at all right now

306
00:12:07,829 --> 00:12:06,399
um there's all those other forces that

307
00:12:09,910 --> 00:12:07,839
are so much stronger but those have a

308
00:12:11,350 --> 00:12:09,920
repulsive and attractive force they tend

309
00:12:12,949 --> 00:12:11,360
to negate out

310
00:12:15,190 --> 00:12:12,959
and the electric charge on this planet

311
00:12:17,269 --> 00:12:15,200
is huge but all cancels out so gravity

312
00:12:20,310 --> 00:12:17,279
dominates and that's what's interesting

313
00:12:22,550 --> 00:12:20,320
to me in that uh the the

314
00:12:24,550 --> 00:12:22,560
the gravity at the atomic level what is

315
00:12:27,750 --> 00:12:24,560
holding atoms together

316
00:12:30,470 --> 00:12:27,760
is so extreme that we can't tear it

317
00:12:32,150 --> 00:12:30,480
apart it appears well we can i mean you

318
00:12:33,509 --> 00:12:32,160
know with the collider and stuff but

319
00:12:35,190 --> 00:12:33,519
well that's not gravity that's the

320
00:12:38,230 --> 00:12:35,200
strong nuclear force one of the other

321
00:12:40,069 --> 00:12:38,240
three forces one of the three forces but

322
00:12:42,150 --> 00:12:40,079
yet the

323
00:12:45,110 --> 00:12:42,160
the fact that we can jump up and down

324
00:12:46,310 --> 00:12:45,120
and pull away from gravity if we have to

325
00:12:50,949 --> 00:12:46,320
right

326
00:12:52,949 --> 00:12:50,959
but yet it is the glue that is holding

327
00:12:55,590 --> 00:12:52,959
everything together at the same time

328
00:12:57,590 --> 00:12:55,600
sure it takes a trillion trillion times

329
00:12:59,269 --> 00:12:57,600
more mass than a person has to hold your

330
00:13:00,629 --> 00:12:59,279
feet to the ground right now that i mean

331
00:13:02,150 --> 00:13:00,639
that's how much heavier the earth is a

332
00:13:03,030 --> 00:13:02,160
trillion trillion times more mass than

333
00:13:05,590 --> 00:13:03,040
us

334
00:13:06,790 --> 00:13:05,600
and that's all the gravity it generates

335
00:13:07,750 --> 00:13:06,800
and that's very weak when you think

336
00:13:09,590 --> 00:13:07,760
about it

337
00:13:11,910 --> 00:13:09,600
uh but electric charge on the other hand

338
00:13:13,750 --> 00:13:11,920
if you had nothing but a a handful of

339
00:13:15,350 --> 00:13:13,760
positively charged particles that would

340
00:13:17,190 --> 00:13:15,360
be real quite able to move like a

341
00:13:19,269 --> 00:13:17,200
building it would just yank it right

342
00:13:21,350 --> 00:13:19,279
that's how big the difference is because

343
00:13:22,710 --> 00:13:21,360
there's much stronger force so it's i

344
00:13:24,870 --> 00:13:22,720
think it's uh

345
00:13:26,790 --> 00:13:24,880
like 10 to the 40th times stronger than

346
00:13:28,550 --> 00:13:26,800
gravity like trillion trillion trillion

347
00:13:30,790 --> 00:13:28,560
times then some change much stronger

348
00:13:32,550 --> 00:13:30,800
force but negates out so you get these

349
00:13:34,470 --> 00:13:32,560
dominant effects the gravity is not

350
00:13:35,990 --> 00:13:34,480
changing as you get to bigger scales

351
00:13:37,670 --> 00:13:36,000
it's how much the other forces are

352
00:13:39,990 --> 00:13:37,680
getting negated out when you get past

353
00:13:41,590 --> 00:13:40,000
the galactic scale that dark energy

354
00:13:43,509 --> 00:13:41,600
starts to kick in now that's always in

355
00:13:45,590 --> 00:13:43,519
place to begin with too we think little

356
00:13:47,110 --> 00:13:45,600
pockets of space-time tinier than an

357
00:13:48,870 --> 00:13:47,120
atom will pop you up everywhere all the

358
00:13:49,910 --> 00:13:48,880
time that's our best guess right now for

359
00:13:51,190 --> 00:13:49,920
dark energy and there's a lot of

360
00:13:53,829 --> 00:13:51,200
guesswork there

361
00:13:55,110 --> 00:13:53,839
but that's such a minor factor that you

362
00:13:56,790 --> 00:13:55,120
know inside you these little things will

363
00:13:58,550 --> 00:13:56,800
pop you up but you won't even notice at

364
00:14:00,310 --> 00:13:58,560
the solar system scale that's still so

365
00:14:01,670 --> 00:14:00,320
minimal you can't really notice

366
00:14:03,910 --> 00:14:01,680
you have to get up to all the way to the

367
00:14:05,189 --> 00:14:03,920
galactic scale where gravity is so weak

368
00:14:08,150 --> 00:14:05,199
pulling between these things before you

369
00:14:10,069 --> 00:14:08,160
can actually see this dark energy effect

370
00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:10,079
so it becomes a dominant factor there

371
00:14:16,550 --> 00:14:13,040
yes yes it's it's fascinating to me and

372
00:14:20,389 --> 00:14:16,560
now let's stay right here

373
00:14:21,990 --> 00:14:20,399
is if you went out is there any part of

374
00:14:25,189 --> 00:14:22,000
space

375
00:14:26,550 --> 00:14:25,199
any part that has nothing in it

376
00:14:29,030 --> 00:14:26,560
empty space

377
00:14:31,110 --> 00:14:29,040
there isn't is there and it that's a

378
00:14:32,150 --> 00:14:31,120
that's a misconception

379
00:14:35,189 --> 00:14:32,160
that

380
00:14:37,189 --> 00:14:35,199
many have had even you know you can say

381
00:14:39,829 --> 00:14:37,199
in the vacuum of space

382
00:14:42,470 --> 00:14:39,839
but there is always something present

383
00:14:43,829 --> 00:14:42,480
correct yeah we've made vacuums in a

384
00:14:45,750 --> 00:14:43,839
laboratory that still aren't perfect

385
00:14:47,269 --> 00:14:45,760
vacuums that are more empty than

386
00:14:48,949 --> 00:14:47,279
anything you'll find in space even in

387
00:14:50,870 --> 00:14:48,959
the voids people talk about those are

388
00:14:53,590 --> 00:14:50,880
voids only in the same way that a desert

389
00:14:54,550 --> 00:14:53,600
is dry they're still oasis

390
00:14:56,629 --> 00:14:54,560
but

391
00:14:58,389 --> 00:14:56,639
you can make a vacuum that has no

392
00:15:00,069 --> 00:14:58,399
particles in it at all and you still

393
00:15:01,350 --> 00:15:00,079
have particles kicking around that pop

394
00:15:02,790 --> 00:15:01,360
in and out of existence as best you can

395
00:15:04,870 --> 00:15:02,800
tell that's that quantum foam and

396
00:15:08,550 --> 00:15:04,880
virtual particle stuff right right right

397
00:15:11,110 --> 00:15:08,560
fascinating okay so that clears up that

398
00:15:12,550 --> 00:15:11,120
let's go to the next uh question that i

399
00:15:13,910 --> 00:15:12,560
have

400
00:15:16,150 --> 00:15:13,920
light

401
00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:16,160
okay now uh

402
00:15:21,430 --> 00:15:19,279
waves or particles

403
00:15:23,030 --> 00:15:21,440
and photons okay but let's talk about

404
00:15:27,430 --> 00:15:23,040
light for a second

405
00:15:29,430 --> 00:15:27,440
does light have a half-life

406
00:15:31,829 --> 00:15:29,440
it might but the problem is that light

407
00:15:34,069 --> 00:15:31,839
doesn't experience any time so if that

408
00:15:36,069 --> 00:15:34,079
half-life could be 5 seconds or 50

409
00:15:37,509 --> 00:15:36,079
trillion years no time is passing for

410
00:15:40,310 --> 00:15:37,519
the photon because it moves at light

411
00:15:41,990 --> 00:15:40,320
speed so if it had a half-life we'd

412
00:15:42,710 --> 00:15:42,000
never be able to tell

413
00:15:44,389 --> 00:15:42,720
so

414
00:15:47,590 --> 00:15:44,399
a photon

415
00:15:48,710 --> 00:15:47,600
the the single you know uh element of

416
00:15:50,710 --> 00:15:48,720
light

417
00:15:52,470 --> 00:15:50,720
you know not from

418
00:15:55,189 --> 00:15:52,480
separated from a wave right where we

419
00:15:59,030 --> 00:15:55,199
break it down to the photon level does a

420
00:16:00,470 --> 00:15:59,040
photon have a half-life

421
00:16:02,150 --> 00:16:00,480
if it does we'd have no way to tell

422
00:16:03,910 --> 00:16:02,160
again that there's no time being

423
00:16:05,350 --> 00:16:03,920
experienced by that object and that

424
00:16:07,030 --> 00:16:05,360
seems like it's traveling through space

425
00:16:08,870 --> 00:16:07,040
but it's really just got this timeline

426
00:16:11,189 --> 00:16:08,880
it's on for where it's trashy in a

427
00:16:13,189 --> 00:16:11,199
straight line it experiences no time if

428
00:16:14,629 --> 00:16:13,199
you're a photon you had a watch i mean

429
00:16:16,230 --> 00:16:14,639
you've never seen any time pass on that

430
00:16:17,110 --> 00:16:16,240
watch

431
00:16:20,550 --> 00:16:17,120
but

432
00:16:23,749 --> 00:16:20,560
this is this is okay so

433
00:16:27,350 --> 00:16:23,759
where does the energy

434
00:16:30,389 --> 00:16:27,360
come from for a photon to technically

435
00:16:32,069 --> 00:16:30,399
exist forever

436
00:16:34,150 --> 00:16:32,079
well nothing's causing it to cease to

437
00:16:35,509 --> 00:16:34,160
exist energy can't be

438
00:16:37,509 --> 00:16:35,519
created or destroyed to the best of our

439
00:16:39,110 --> 00:16:37,519
knowledge and although things like the

440
00:16:41,189 --> 00:16:39,120
big bang and dark energy would kind of

441
00:16:43,590 --> 00:16:41,199
challenge that assumption but in general

442
00:16:45,670 --> 00:16:43,600
energy can't be created or destroyed you

443
00:16:47,829 --> 00:16:45,680
can absorb a photon shine a flashlight

444
00:16:49,110 --> 00:16:47,839
on something black it gets absorbed but

445
00:16:50,710 --> 00:16:49,120
left to itself it would just float

446
00:16:52,470 --> 00:16:50,720
through the void nothing's affecting it

447
00:16:54,870 --> 00:16:52,480
so there's no change that energy just

448
00:16:56,470 --> 00:16:54,880
stays there except it's not really stain

449
00:16:57,590 --> 00:16:56,480
it's moving that straight line of course

450
00:16:59,269 --> 00:16:57,600
towards whatever that photons

451
00:17:01,350 --> 00:16:59,279
destination might be

452
00:17:04,150 --> 00:17:01,360
it it okay so

453
00:17:07,350 --> 00:17:04,160
when uh

454
00:17:11,189 --> 00:17:07,360
when light reaches us from

455
00:17:13,110 --> 00:17:11,199
eight million light years away right

456
00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:13,120
whatever it whatever it is out there

457
00:17:17,429 --> 00:17:15,280
that is reaching us

458
00:17:18,789 --> 00:17:17,439
that will continue

459
00:17:20,069 --> 00:17:18,799
past us

460
00:17:22,230 --> 00:17:20,079
forever

461
00:17:23,669 --> 00:17:22,240
unless we absorb it yeah um cosmic

462
00:17:25,189 --> 00:17:23,679
microwave background radiation

463
00:17:26,630 --> 00:17:25,199
everyone's heard about that that's stuff

464
00:17:29,430 --> 00:17:26,640
that's left over from when the universe

465
00:17:30,630 --> 00:17:29,440
was very young and when it was made this

466
00:17:32,390 --> 00:17:30,640
is you know these microwaves are very

467
00:17:33,510 --> 00:17:32,400
weak energy sources

468
00:17:35,830 --> 00:17:33,520
when it was made it would actually have

469
00:17:37,430 --> 00:17:35,840
been visible light or high infrared it's

470
00:17:39,669 --> 00:17:37,440
redshifted it's gotten weaker what time

471
00:17:42,230 --> 00:17:39,679
is it past that distance right

472
00:17:43,830 --> 00:17:42,240
now a flashlight which you brought up

473
00:17:46,789 --> 00:17:43,840
earlier

474
00:17:48,310 --> 00:17:46,799
why does a flashlight dissipate over

475
00:17:49,990 --> 00:17:48,320
distance

476
00:17:51,590 --> 00:17:50,000
well those are where it's spreading out

477
00:17:53,110 --> 00:17:51,600
and that's that's a common misconception

478
00:17:54,950 --> 00:17:53,120
about laser beams people think it was a

479
00:17:56,789 --> 00:17:54,960
beam that stays tight but it actually

480
00:18:00,230 --> 00:17:56,799
doesn't it's just like a flashlight only

481
00:18:02,070 --> 00:18:00,240
it's way way tighter so it will stay

482
00:18:03,430 --> 00:18:02,080
point like or thin for much longer

483
00:18:05,430 --> 00:18:03,440
period of time but it is spreading out

484
00:18:06,390 --> 00:18:05,440
from the moment it leaves the laser

485
00:18:08,390 --> 00:18:06,400
um

486
00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:08,400
it's same as a flashlight would it just

487
00:18:11,270 --> 00:18:09,919
takes a lot longer to spread out and

488
00:18:13,029 --> 00:18:11,280
that becomes a problem when you're

489
00:18:14,630 --> 00:18:13,039
trying to use lasers over long distances

490
00:18:16,630 --> 00:18:14,640
like pushing spaceships or sending

491
00:18:19,590 --> 00:18:16,640
signals you need a ramp up the power

492
00:18:21,190 --> 00:18:19,600
because it stays a lot tighter but it's

493
00:18:23,430 --> 00:18:21,200
ultimately really just a much more

494
00:18:24,710 --> 00:18:23,440
focused and collimated beam

495
00:18:25,909 --> 00:18:24,720
but uh

496
00:18:27,990 --> 00:18:25,919
again

497
00:18:31,909 --> 00:18:28,000
are the photons

498
00:18:34,150 --> 00:18:31,919
from a flashlight existing forever

499
00:18:36,070 --> 00:18:34,160
yes left themselves they will exist well

500
00:18:37,510 --> 00:18:36,080
they just spread out as they go

501
00:18:38,870 --> 00:18:37,520
the beam gets weaker just like if you

502
00:18:40,630 --> 00:18:38,880
step away from the wall while hoarding

503
00:18:43,350 --> 00:18:40,640
it will get uh you know dimmer on the

504
00:18:44,870 --> 00:18:43,360
wall yeah because it's cone-shaped

505
00:18:47,270 --> 00:18:44,880
mm-hmm the beams there's a laser beam

506
00:18:49,830 --> 00:18:47,280
yeah and the laser beam is too right so

507
00:18:52,390 --> 00:18:49,840
if okay all right

508
00:18:54,950 --> 00:18:52,400
it's still a little it will go

509
00:18:56,950 --> 00:18:54,960
it's it it's still a little confusing to

510
00:18:58,870 --> 00:18:56,960
me in that everything's got a half-life

511
00:19:00,789 --> 00:18:58,880
right that's what we've been told about

512
00:19:02,870 --> 00:19:00,799
that uh we thought the proton did for

513
00:19:04,549 --> 00:19:02,880
the longest time but the problem is that

514
00:19:05,830 --> 00:19:04,559
as best as we can tell

515
00:19:07,190 --> 00:19:05,840
it's half-life because we assumed

516
00:19:09,990 --> 00:19:07,200
everything's got to have a half-life

517
00:19:11,350 --> 00:19:10,000
right um but as best we can tell protons

518
00:19:12,870 --> 00:19:11,360
that they have a half-life would be

519
00:19:15,190 --> 00:19:12,880
trillions and trillions and trillions of

520
00:19:16,549 --> 00:19:15,200
years but you never absorb one decaying

521
00:19:17,990 --> 00:19:16,559
now with a photon it's actually a little

522
00:19:20,230 --> 00:19:18,000
bit more problematic because it could

523
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:20,240
have any half-life it wants but it's

524
00:19:24,390 --> 00:19:22,480
frozen in time it's the same as you

525
00:19:26,310 --> 00:19:24,400
would say if if i put somebody on ice

526
00:19:28,549 --> 00:19:26,320
they should only live 70 years but while

527
00:19:30,310 --> 00:19:28,559
i've got them frozen they're not aging

528
00:19:32,390 --> 00:19:30,320
photons the same way

529
00:19:34,630 --> 00:19:32,400
if it has a half-life it wouldn't be

530
00:19:37,110 --> 00:19:34,640
able to actually ever decay because it

531
00:19:38,990 --> 00:19:37,120
just keeps it's frozen in time

532
00:19:41,270 --> 00:19:39,000
now okay so let's talk about

533
00:19:44,230 --> 00:19:41,280
electromagnetism for a second is there a

534
00:19:46,230 --> 00:19:44,240
half-life involved with that

535
00:19:48,630 --> 00:19:46,240
em is the same thing as photons uh

536
00:19:50,310 --> 00:19:48,640
whether it's a radio wave or a gamma-ray

537
00:19:51,590 --> 00:19:50,320
or some of the really high-energy things

538
00:19:53,830 --> 00:19:51,600
that you know might have been made by

539
00:19:55,430 --> 00:19:53,840
the big bang or by super collider those

540
00:19:57,110 --> 00:19:55,440
are all fundamentally photons they all

541
00:19:58,070 --> 00:19:57,120
act the same that's the electromagnetic

542
00:19:59,909 --> 00:19:58,080
force

543
00:20:02,150 --> 00:19:59,919
and so em

544
00:20:03,990 --> 00:20:02,160
again i i know that i'm bringing you

545
00:20:07,590 --> 00:20:04,000
down to my level and answering these

546
00:20:10,549 --> 00:20:07,600
questions but this is these get to be

547
00:20:15,029 --> 00:20:10,559
confusing subjects for uh for a lot of

548
00:20:18,310 --> 00:20:15,039
people so staying on em for a second em

549
00:20:21,590 --> 00:20:18,320
uh which uh uh you know one of the uh

550
00:20:25,669 --> 00:20:21,600
fundamental forces if it is present it

551
00:20:27,909 --> 00:20:25,679
will never go away it it lasts forever

552
00:20:29,830 --> 00:20:27,919
when it's a photon yeah a magnet or an

553
00:20:31,110 --> 00:20:29,840
electric only thing like a static

554
00:20:33,270 --> 00:20:31,120
electric charge that can obviously

555
00:20:35,029 --> 00:20:33,280
dissipate though the energy there isn't

556
00:20:39,909 --> 00:20:35,039
isn't going away it's just changing what

557
00:20:41,990 --> 00:20:39,919
type it is now will uh em in metal uh

558
00:20:43,270 --> 00:20:42,000
dissipate over time

559
00:20:44,630 --> 00:20:43,280
it will get absorbed by the middle i

560
00:20:46,390 --> 00:20:44,640
mean that's how everyone's listening to

561
00:20:48,630 --> 00:20:46,400
this right now is listen radio those

562
00:20:49,909 --> 00:20:48,640
photons get sucked up or emitted yeah

563
00:20:51,590 --> 00:20:49,919
right right

564
00:20:53,110 --> 00:20:51,600
fascinating the game changes the moment

565
00:20:55,430 --> 00:20:53,120
anything it touches any matter it

566
00:20:58,950 --> 00:20:55,440
changes right right right

567
00:21:01,510 --> 00:20:58,960
okay um i feel a little better i feel

568
00:21:02,710 --> 00:21:01,520
like we can move on okay before we get

569
00:21:06,070 --> 00:21:02,720
to the break

570
00:21:08,470 --> 00:21:06,080
uh i want to uh uh do a couple of things

571
00:21:10,630 --> 00:21:08,480
here and one is uh since we're

572
00:21:12,149 --> 00:21:10,640
discussing clark tech

573
00:21:16,710 --> 00:21:12,159
here's a quote

574
00:21:18,470 --> 00:21:16,720
that arthur c clarke used to use and

575
00:21:22,230 --> 00:21:18,480
it's this

576
00:21:24,549 --> 00:21:22,240
it's attributed to a jbs uh um haldane

577
00:21:26,070 --> 00:21:24,559
but the universe is not only stranger

578
00:21:29,590 --> 00:21:26,080
than we imagine

579
00:21:32,230 --> 00:21:29,600
it's stranger than we can imagine and

580
00:21:35,510 --> 00:21:32,240
clark used to say this quote uh quite

581
00:21:37,590 --> 00:21:35,520
often and and and of course attribute it

582
00:21:41,750 --> 00:21:37,600
and give credit back to uh

583
00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:41,760
haldane but the actual quote is this

584
00:21:46,470 --> 00:21:44,720
quote i have no doubt that in reality

585
00:21:49,669 --> 00:21:46,480
the future will be vastly more

586
00:21:52,149 --> 00:21:49,679
surprising than anything i can imagine

587
00:21:54,870 --> 00:21:52,159
now my own suspicion is that the

588
00:21:59,510 --> 00:21:54,880
universe is not only queerer than we

589
00:22:01,669 --> 00:21:59,520
supposed but queerer than we can suppose

590
00:22:03,789 --> 00:22:01,679
and that is from his paper possible

591
00:22:07,750 --> 00:22:03,799
worlds and other papers published in

592
00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:07,760
1927 that comes from page 286.

593
00:22:12,950 --> 00:22:10,080
that's a pretty fascinating quote isn't

594
00:22:15,190 --> 00:22:12,960
it and i think that uh it is

595
00:22:18,870 --> 00:22:15,200
it it not only applies to this show

596
00:22:20,950 --> 00:22:18,880
tonight but it applies to you doesn't it

597
00:22:22,710 --> 00:22:20,960
oh absolutely i you know we try always

598
00:22:24,230 --> 00:22:22,720
talk about what science tells us about

599
00:22:26,390 --> 00:22:24,240
the universe and what we can do inside

600
00:22:27,830 --> 00:22:26,400
known science but i and everybody else

601
00:22:29,750 --> 00:22:27,840
just takes a given that we're going to

602
00:22:31,990 --> 00:22:29,760
find out the universe is a much stranger

603
00:22:34,470 --> 00:22:32,000
place than we think it is

604
00:22:37,029 --> 00:22:34,480
is there a day that goes by that you you

605
00:22:39,830 --> 00:22:37,039
don't realize that this quote is

606
00:22:41,510 --> 00:22:39,840
is stronger than it was yesterday i

607
00:22:43,350 --> 00:22:41,520
don't know there's always something new

608
00:22:44,549 --> 00:22:43,360
and um a lot of times it's not really so

609
00:22:46,070 --> 00:22:44,559
much new in the sense of something

610
00:22:48,549 --> 00:22:46,080
groundbreaking those tend to come a

611
00:22:49,909 --> 00:22:48,559
little bit less frequently but uh if

612
00:22:51,990 --> 00:22:49,919
there's a day that you don't get

613
00:22:54,310 --> 00:22:52,000
surprised by the universe around you it

614
00:22:57,430 --> 00:22:54,320
probably indicates you're in a grave

615
00:23:00,470 --> 00:22:57,440
which might be surprising too

616
00:23:02,310 --> 00:23:00,480
well then we have clark's three laws and

617
00:23:05,830 --> 00:23:02,320
the first one which

618
00:23:07,909 --> 00:23:05,840
uh it it it's funny because uh the uh

619
00:23:10,870 --> 00:23:07,919
the fans of the show post these quotes

620
00:23:13,510 --> 00:23:10,880
up quite often in twitter but

621
00:23:15,669 --> 00:23:13,520
his first of the three laws was

622
00:23:17,909 --> 00:23:15,679
when a distinguished but elderly

623
00:23:21,190 --> 00:23:17,919
scientist states that something is

624
00:23:23,350 --> 00:23:21,200
possible he is almost certainly right

625
00:23:27,830 --> 00:23:23,360
when he states that something is

626
00:23:30,630 --> 00:23:27,840
impossible he is very probably wrong

627
00:23:32,630 --> 00:23:30,640
his second law is the only way of

628
00:23:35,350 --> 00:23:32,640
discovering the limits of the possible

629
00:23:38,470 --> 00:23:35,360
is to venture a little way past them

630
00:23:40,549 --> 00:23:38,480
into the impossible and for us tonight

631
00:23:43,110 --> 00:23:40,559
we're going to be discussing

632
00:23:44,390 --> 00:23:43,120
his third law what is his third law

633
00:23:46,710 --> 00:23:44,400
isaac

634
00:23:48,950 --> 00:23:46,720
any sufficiently advanced technology is

635
00:23:50,549 --> 00:23:48,960
indistinguishable for magic

636
00:23:55,190 --> 00:23:50,559
i love that quote

637
00:23:56,870 --> 00:23:55,200
about it now it's one thing to go into

638
00:23:59,909 --> 00:23:56,880
the future and talk about future tech

639
00:24:01,510 --> 00:23:59,919
and science and physics and quantum and

640
00:24:03,510 --> 00:24:01,520
and go there

641
00:24:06,549 --> 00:24:03,520
you need to just

642
00:24:08,789 --> 00:24:06,559
look into our own past and think about

643
00:24:11,190 --> 00:24:08,799
what these cultures who had never seen a

644
00:24:12,950 --> 00:24:11,200
boat before right and see a boat coming

645
00:24:15,029 --> 00:24:12,960
at him from the ocean

646
00:24:17,990 --> 00:24:15,039
uh that's magic

647
00:24:19,909 --> 00:24:18,000
and that's exactly what isaac is talking

648
00:24:22,470 --> 00:24:19,919
about right isaac

649
00:24:24,630 --> 00:24:22,480
isaac i said

650
00:24:26,580 --> 00:24:24,640
that's exactly what arthur

651
00:24:29,430 --> 00:24:26,590
c clarke is talking about right

652
00:24:31,110 --> 00:24:29,440
[Laughter]

653
00:24:33,110 --> 00:24:31,120
i know that's a great example these

654
00:24:34,549 --> 00:24:33,120
technologies you know that we all expect

655
00:24:35,750 --> 00:24:34,559
to maybe get invented one day it

656
00:24:37,029 --> 00:24:35,760
probably won't be like we're thinking

657
00:24:39,190 --> 00:24:37,039
they're all so we won't be careful

658
00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:39,200
saying what is and isn't possible

659
00:24:42,789 --> 00:24:40,960
uh but at the same time we always have

660
00:24:44,789 --> 00:24:42,799
to kind of look at what we know is

661
00:24:46,789 --> 00:24:44,799
possible first and see if there might be

662
00:24:48,710 --> 00:24:46,799
some way we can approximate these

663
00:24:49,590 --> 00:24:48,720
technologies till we get them if we ever

664
00:24:52,149 --> 00:24:49,600
do

665
00:24:53,990 --> 00:24:52,159
with um arthur c clarke we're not going

666
00:24:57,029 --> 00:24:54,000
to be specifically talking about

667
00:24:57,830 --> 00:24:57,039
arthur's science fiction tonight

668
00:25:00,710 --> 00:24:57,840
but

669
00:25:03,269 --> 00:25:00,720
he he had a vision of the future and if

670
00:25:05,590 --> 00:25:03,279
you go back and and look at some of

671
00:25:08,070 --> 00:25:05,600
these conversations that he's had i've

672
00:25:10,549 --> 00:25:08,080
tried to watch all of them and listen to

673
00:25:12,950 --> 00:25:10,559
all of the interviews that he's done

674
00:25:15,269 --> 00:25:12,960
i literally have

675
00:25:17,990 --> 00:25:15,279
his vision i've read all of his books

676
00:25:19,750 --> 00:25:18,000
his vision of the future turns out to be

677
00:25:22,870 --> 00:25:19,760
so spot-on

678
00:25:25,269 --> 00:25:22,880
how impressed are you uh by that

679
00:25:26,950 --> 00:25:25,279
he's really good at predicting things um

680
00:25:28,470 --> 00:25:26,960
you know i mean some folks have a you

681
00:25:30,310 --> 00:25:28,480
know a tendency to predict stuff and

682
00:25:31,909 --> 00:25:30,320
tend to be a lot wrong i make a point of

683
00:25:33,750 --> 00:25:31,919
almost never trying to protect timelines

684
00:25:35,990 --> 00:25:33,760
on things for that same reason right

685
00:25:37,750 --> 00:25:36,000
clark had a knack for it and i think uh

686
00:25:39,190 --> 00:25:37,760
a rare one because he was a scientist

687
00:25:41,029 --> 00:25:39,200
who wrote fiction

688
00:25:42,950 --> 00:25:41,039
whereas you know that really helps you

689
00:25:45,110 --> 00:25:42,960
get a better idea for what really isn't

690
00:25:46,390 --> 00:25:45,120
too realistic in your settings

691
00:25:48,070 --> 00:25:46,400
and so

692
00:25:50,149 --> 00:25:48,080
he just had a knack for seeing what was

693
00:25:52,230 --> 00:25:50,159
going to happen next a lot of times

694
00:25:54,549 --> 00:25:52,240
and that's a lot of fun of videos

695
00:25:57,190 --> 00:25:54,559
fiction as you can see how he hit the

696
00:25:59,430 --> 00:25:57,200
mark or just barely missed it or in some

697
00:26:01,029 --> 00:25:59,440
cases got it completely wrong which is

698
00:26:03,190 --> 00:26:01,039
no negative on him i mean who's gonna

699
00:26:05,029 --> 00:26:03,200
predict the cell phone and uh texting

700
00:26:06,950 --> 00:26:05,039
you know this is not there

701
00:26:09,110 --> 00:26:06,960
and that's a good model for us to use we

702
00:26:11,110 --> 00:26:09,120
try to predict the future on the show is

703
00:26:13,830 --> 00:26:11,120
always remember those little tiny things

704
00:26:15,750 --> 00:26:13,840
that nobody saw coming that will just

705
00:26:16,630 --> 00:26:15,760
rock the world entirely in some small

706
00:26:19,029 --> 00:26:16,640
way

707
00:26:22,549 --> 00:26:19,039
when uh there's a scene

708
00:26:24,789 --> 00:26:22,559
uh in in 2001 the famous you know video

709
00:26:26,710 --> 00:26:24,799
phone scene right bell telephone and the

710
00:26:28,549 --> 00:26:26,720
the video booth and he steps in the

711
00:26:31,430 --> 00:26:28,559
phone booth but

712
00:26:33,430 --> 00:26:31,440
very nonchalantly takes out a card pops

713
00:26:35,830 --> 00:26:33,440
it in a card reader

714
00:26:37,669 --> 00:26:35,840
right and has a video call with his

715
00:26:40,070 --> 00:26:37,679
daughter who happens to be stanley

716
00:26:44,789 --> 00:26:40,080
kubrick's daughter uh who plays the part

717
00:26:46,390 --> 00:26:44,799
there but that that small scene uh a a

718
00:26:49,029 --> 00:26:46,400
minute long

719
00:26:51,750 --> 00:26:49,039
was a complete vision of the future and

720
00:26:53,990 --> 00:26:51,760
and it was complete and came to pass

721
00:26:56,870 --> 00:26:54,000
when the movie came out it was so

722
00:26:59,909 --> 00:26:56,880
science fiction and so out there today

723
00:27:01,190 --> 00:26:59,919
we watch it and it was just uh it's

724
00:27:02,149 --> 00:27:01,200
normalcy

725
00:27:03,830 --> 00:27:02,159
isn't it

726
00:27:05,190 --> 00:27:03,840
oh yeah there's so much of that that uh

727
00:27:06,710 --> 00:27:05,200
i know there are other parts i wish were

728
00:27:09,110 --> 00:27:06,720
already true like actually being on the

729
00:27:10,789 --> 00:27:09,120
moon by 2001 but uh

730
00:27:12,390 --> 00:27:10,799
you know they uh

731
00:27:14,230 --> 00:27:12,400
he was just so good at nailing those

732
00:27:15,830 --> 00:27:14,240
little things that we just wouldn't even

733
00:27:17,909 --> 00:27:15,840
expect to see

734
00:27:19,269 --> 00:27:17,919
and uh that the movie is full of things

735
00:27:20,390 --> 00:27:19,279
like that and i'll give cooper credit

736
00:27:21,590 --> 00:27:20,400
for that stuff too because he was

737
00:27:22,710 --> 00:27:21,600
actually very good at making those

738
00:27:25,269 --> 00:27:22,720
visuals

739
00:27:27,590 --> 00:27:25,279
resonate with their importance and uh

740
00:27:30,630 --> 00:27:27,600
arthur c clarke uh

741
00:27:32,950 --> 00:27:30,640
very effectively now i i do believe that

742
00:27:34,630 --> 00:27:32,960
he was also a product of his environment

743
00:27:36,710 --> 00:27:34,640
and his friends and

744
00:27:39,350 --> 00:27:36,720
and other scientists and science fiction

745
00:27:41,029 --> 00:27:39,360
writers that he hung out with but he

746
00:27:43,110 --> 00:27:41,039
nailed the internet

747
00:27:45,110 --> 00:27:43,120
you know we can talk about geostationary

748
00:27:48,230 --> 00:27:45,120
satellites that was an obvious thing but

749
00:27:51,510 --> 00:27:48,240
high definition tv uh you just mentioned

750
00:27:55,029 --> 00:27:51,520
uh texting and email but little things

751
00:27:56,630 --> 00:27:55,039
like um booking your online travel right

752
00:27:59,190 --> 00:27:56,640
and shopping

753
00:28:02,630 --> 00:27:59,200
and ebooks and smart

754
00:28:04,630 --> 00:28:02,640
howl as an early form of cereal alexa

755
00:28:07,590 --> 00:28:04,640
it's exactly right

756
00:28:09,669 --> 00:28:07,600
exactly right and and back then we we

757
00:28:12,870 --> 00:28:09,679
looked at all of that as you know like

758
00:28:15,029 --> 00:28:12,880
like magic like it it but we we got to

759
00:28:17,590 --> 00:28:15,039
it and we got to it very quickly he was

760
00:28:21,029 --> 00:28:17,600
just amazing uh the way that he did it

761
00:28:22,950 --> 00:28:21,039
now i want your uh really quick i've got

762
00:28:26,549 --> 00:28:22,960
uh 30 seconds

763
00:28:29,190 --> 00:28:26,559
uh your your definition of clark tech

764
00:28:30,549 --> 00:28:29,200
because you do a series on this what is

765
00:28:32,870 --> 00:28:30,559
clark tech

766
00:28:35,110 --> 00:28:32,880
any technology that we can sufficiently

767
00:28:37,029 --> 00:28:35,120
explain is a concept but for which we

768
00:28:38,710 --> 00:28:37,039
don't have any clear pathway to with

769
00:28:40,549 --> 00:28:38,720
existing science

770
00:28:42,789 --> 00:28:40,559
now we're going to get into all of that

771
00:28:45,510 --> 00:28:42,799
in just a bit well let's take our break

772
00:28:50,870 --> 00:28:45,520
right here our guest tonight is isaac

773
00:28:54,190 --> 00:28:53,190
all of his videos are there his youtube

774
00:28:56,669 --> 00:28:54,200
channel

775
00:28:58,710 --> 00:28:56,679
isaacarthur.net the links are at

776
00:29:00,710 --> 00:28:58,720
jimmychurchradio.com you can also follow

777
00:29:02,630 --> 00:29:00,720
isaac on twitter we've got his links up

778
00:29:04,470 --> 00:29:02,640
right there in the feed this is fade to

779
00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:04,480
black i'm yours jimmy church we'll be

780
00:29:08,510 --> 00:29:06,000
right back after this short break stay

781
00:29:18,070 --> 00:29:08,520
with us

782
00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:22,270
me

783
00:29:31,350 --> 00:29:28,230
[Music]

784
00:29:33,350 --> 00:29:31,360
all right welcome back here we go

785
00:29:36,310 --> 00:29:33,360
isaac arthur is our guest tonight the

786
00:29:37,750 --> 00:29:36,320
subject clark tech

787
00:29:39,590 --> 00:29:37,760
yeah man

788
00:29:42,470 --> 00:29:39,600
i can't wait for this

789
00:29:43,590 --> 00:29:42,480
isaac let's go first step on the block

790
00:29:45,909 --> 00:29:43,600
tonight

791
00:29:53,750 --> 00:29:45,919
force fields

792
00:29:56,310 --> 00:29:53,760
it's uh it's an easy thing to do uh in

793
00:29:58,710 --> 00:29:56,320
science fiction and in movies

794
00:30:01,909 --> 00:29:58,720
uh we've got to get our shields up we've

795
00:30:05,110 --> 00:30:01,919
got to get our shields up but there's

796
00:30:06,470 --> 00:30:05,120
one point with this that i would like to

797
00:30:09,909 --> 00:30:06,480
ask you about

798
00:30:11,750 --> 00:30:09,919
we've got natural force fields

799
00:30:14,789 --> 00:30:11,760
right now that are protecting us this

800
00:30:17,430 --> 00:30:14,799
planet we wouldn't exist if it wasn't

801
00:30:20,070 --> 00:30:17,440
for the force fields that we have

802
00:30:22,789 --> 00:30:20,080
around this planet how can we

803
00:30:23,990 --> 00:30:22,799
how why is it that we we know that they

804
00:30:26,630 --> 00:30:24,000
exist

805
00:30:28,710 --> 00:30:26,640
but we can't apply it to planes and

806
00:30:30,230 --> 00:30:28,720
trains and automobiles

807
00:30:31,990 --> 00:30:30,240
well of course we could make a magnetic

808
00:30:34,549 --> 00:30:32,000
field around the trains that would mess

809
00:30:35,750 --> 00:30:34,559
up every phone reception pretty good um

810
00:30:37,750 --> 00:30:35,760
the problem with a lot of these is it's

811
00:30:39,430 --> 00:30:37,760
very energy consumptive and for

812
00:30:41,269 --> 00:30:39,440
something like a force field

813
00:30:43,190 --> 00:30:41,279
what the force field around earth does

814
00:30:45,269 --> 00:30:43,200
the magnetosphere is mostly cause

815
00:30:47,430 --> 00:30:45,279
ionized particles from the sun to bounce

816
00:30:48,950 --> 00:30:47,440
away and for ionized particles on the

817
00:30:50,549 --> 00:30:48,960
atmosphere to bounce back down so we

818
00:30:51,909 --> 00:30:50,559
don't lose our atmosphere

819
00:30:53,510 --> 00:30:51,919
ionize being anything that's got an

820
00:30:55,269 --> 00:30:53,520
electric charge because it's missing uh

821
00:30:56,789 --> 00:30:55,279
missing one of its electrons right or it

822
00:31:00,070 --> 00:30:56,799
has an extra one

823
00:31:01,990 --> 00:31:00,080
and uh that's very handy for keeping

824
00:31:03,430 --> 00:31:02,000
ionized particles walking so somebody

825
00:31:05,669 --> 00:31:03,440
hits you with like a particle beam like

826
00:31:07,269 --> 00:31:05,679
they have sometimes or a plasma gun a

827
00:31:09,110 --> 00:31:07,279
magnetic shield like that on your belt

828
00:31:11,110 --> 00:31:09,120
which you could conceivably make

829
00:31:12,630 --> 00:31:11,120
behind the power but you could make it

830
00:31:13,750 --> 00:31:12,640
would work you could use something like

831
00:31:15,750 --> 00:31:13,760
that to prevent some from hitting you

832
00:31:16,950 --> 00:31:15,760
with a plasma gun or a particle

833
00:31:18,630 --> 00:31:16,960
projectile

834
00:31:20,149 --> 00:31:18,640
but all it's going to do is affect

835
00:31:22,870 --> 00:31:20,159
anything that's actually got that big

836
00:31:24,630 --> 00:31:22,880
electric charge relative to its mass

837
00:31:26,470 --> 00:31:24,640
a bullet would you go right through that

838
00:31:28,389 --> 00:31:26,480
same as uh the shuttle falls through the

839
00:31:30,789 --> 00:31:28,399
planet's atmosphere

840
00:31:33,190 --> 00:31:30,799
right and uh

841
00:31:36,310 --> 00:31:33,200
in in the movie dune where they've got

842
00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:36,320
the personal force fields right

843
00:31:41,509 --> 00:31:38,880
yeah it's and it's a great scene

844
00:31:42,470 --> 00:31:41,519
in that uh high-speed

845
00:31:43,909 --> 00:31:42,480
stuff

846
00:31:46,950 --> 00:31:43,919
bullets or

847
00:31:47,990 --> 00:31:46,960
or even they demonstrate the knife but

848
00:31:51,909 --> 00:31:48,000
slow

849
00:31:54,389 --> 00:31:51,919
moving objects pass straight through it

850
00:31:57,190 --> 00:31:54,399
um i i kind of want to address that for

851
00:31:58,830 --> 00:31:57,200
a second is that is that reality is that

852
00:32:01,110 --> 00:31:58,840
is that something that is

853
00:32:02,710 --> 00:32:01,120
achievable well i think the idea there

854
00:32:03,909 --> 00:32:02,720
is that uh in order for the folks to be

855
00:32:05,990 --> 00:32:03,919
able to breathe while they're inside

856
00:32:08,389 --> 00:32:06,000
that they have to tune the uh tune the

857
00:32:10,230 --> 00:32:08,399
shield generator so ao can get through

858
00:32:11,750 --> 00:32:10,240
um and of course if you had something to

859
00:32:13,430 --> 00:32:11,760
produce fields like that you might be

860
00:32:15,269 --> 00:32:13,440
able to make it selective

861
00:32:16,549 --> 00:32:15,279
but if you most of the ways we normally

862
00:32:18,630 --> 00:32:16,559
think about making a force feel like

863
00:32:20,149 --> 00:32:18,640
that probably won't let you do that

864
00:32:21,590 --> 00:32:20,159
the trick though is really if you want

865
00:32:23,029 --> 00:32:21,600
to make one of these things with known

866
00:32:25,350 --> 00:32:23,039
signs assuming you know something else

867
00:32:27,190 --> 00:32:25,360
new you kind of have to take a step back

868
00:32:28,789 --> 00:32:27,200
to the more the medieval concept of what

869
00:32:30,950 --> 00:32:28,799
a shield was which is a big chunk of

870
00:32:32,389 --> 00:32:30,960
metal between you and a target and we

871
00:32:34,389 --> 00:32:32,399
were also talking about uh the shield

872
00:32:36,630 --> 00:32:34,399
around the earth the big shield around

873
00:32:38,230 --> 00:32:36,640
the earth is actually the atmosphere

874
00:32:39,269 --> 00:32:38,240
that's what keeps most of these meteors

875
00:32:41,350 --> 00:32:39,279
from hitting us because they go right

876
00:32:43,110 --> 00:32:41,360
through the actual magnetosphere the

877
00:32:44,950 --> 00:32:43,120
magnesium helps hold the atmosphere in

878
00:32:46,470 --> 00:32:44,960
place but it's all those little pockets

879
00:32:49,590 --> 00:32:46,480
of air that actually keep us from

880
00:32:50,950 --> 00:32:49,600
getting hit by micrometeos all the time

881
00:32:52,710 --> 00:32:50,960
so when you're looking at something like

882
00:32:54,389 --> 00:32:52,720
a shield technology that might be

883
00:32:56,310 --> 00:32:54,399
something where you'd say

884
00:32:57,909 --> 00:32:56,320
have a bunch of little tiny drones that

885
00:33:00,149 --> 00:32:57,919
were transparent just like the drones we

886
00:33:01,990 --> 00:33:00,159
have now only smaller that flew around

887
00:33:03,350 --> 00:33:02,000
with radars and would just jump in front

888
00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:03,360
of any object they detected coming

889
00:33:07,430 --> 00:33:04,559
towards you

890
00:33:09,029 --> 00:33:07,440
and that's bang a shield you know that's

891
00:33:10,549 --> 00:33:09,039
all necessarily takes

892
00:33:12,149 --> 00:33:10,559
something like a magnetic field your

893
00:33:14,230 --> 00:33:12,159
ideal shield that's supposed to stop

894
00:33:15,669 --> 00:33:14,240
everything that's probably not too

895
00:33:17,350 --> 00:33:15,679
realistic

896
00:33:19,350 --> 00:33:17,360
but you don't have to necessarily have

897
00:33:20,950 --> 00:33:19,360
only one type of armor on you

898
00:33:22,470 --> 00:33:20,960
so for something like that you might use

899
00:33:24,789 --> 00:33:22,480
a magnetic field to produce you you know

900
00:33:26,950 --> 00:33:24,799
to keep you safe from uh plasma guns and

901
00:33:29,110 --> 00:33:26,960
you might use meal shielding on your own

902
00:33:31,190 --> 00:33:29,120
arm but protect you from lasers and you

903
00:33:32,630 --> 00:33:31,200
might use little drones that flew around

904
00:33:34,549 --> 00:33:32,640
to put you know keep you safe from

905
00:33:36,549 --> 00:33:34,559
bullets they jump out the way or fire

906
00:33:39,350 --> 00:33:36,559
tiny bullets at the bullet so you have

907
00:33:40,950 --> 00:33:39,360
to kind of an overlapping process but

908
00:33:43,430 --> 00:33:40,960
the ultimate idea of a shield which

909
00:33:45,590 --> 00:33:43,440
protects you from damage that's probably

910
00:33:48,549 --> 00:33:45,600
doable you just had to improvise a bit

911
00:33:51,110 --> 00:33:48,559
now okay so now let's talk about our our

912
00:33:53,669 --> 00:33:51,120
starship cruiser

913
00:33:54,549 --> 00:33:53,679
right out there flying across

914
00:33:58,310 --> 00:33:54,559
uh

915
00:34:00,950 --> 00:33:58,320
the galaxy and we encounter another ship

916
00:34:01,669 --> 00:34:00,960
and we put up our shields

917
00:34:04,870 --> 00:34:01,679
now

918
00:34:07,750 --> 00:34:04,880
suggesting something else all together

919
00:34:08,950 --> 00:34:07,760
aren't we oh yes and in this case it

920
00:34:10,550 --> 00:34:08,960
might actually be handy to have that

921
00:34:11,750 --> 00:34:10,560
magnetic shield you might have that on

922
00:34:13,589 --> 00:34:11,760
ship anyway because there's so much

923
00:34:15,430 --> 00:34:13,599
ionized gas just floating around out

924
00:34:19,190 --> 00:34:15,440
there in the void that you're ramming

925
00:34:20,389 --> 00:34:19,200
into at a good portion of speed of light

926
00:34:21,829 --> 00:34:20,399
and of course you might want to have

927
00:34:23,430 --> 00:34:21,839
something there that protects you from

928
00:34:25,589 --> 00:34:23,440
things that weren't really ionized

929
00:34:27,589 --> 00:34:25,599
little tiny dust grains that might hit

930
00:34:29,909 --> 00:34:27,599
you like a nuclear bomb at those speeds

931
00:34:32,149 --> 00:34:29,919
there your shield is really more of an

932
00:34:33,510 --> 00:34:32,159
active shield it's a radar

933
00:34:35,030 --> 00:34:33,520
that's out there looking for everything

934
00:34:37,669 --> 00:34:35,040
you can see and then you shoot the

935
00:34:39,510 --> 00:34:37,679
little things with lasers as you go by

936
00:34:41,030 --> 00:34:39,520
but that's a good example of spaceships

937
00:34:42,950 --> 00:34:41,040
is they're not going to park and shoot

938
00:34:44,310 --> 00:34:42,960
at each other 10 feet away like we often

939
00:34:45,829 --> 00:34:44,320
see in sci-fi

940
00:34:48,310 --> 00:34:45,839
they'll be flying by each other at very

941
00:34:49,909 --> 00:34:48,320
high speeds for very quick moments and

942
00:34:51,669 --> 00:34:49,919
so they probably almost have to use

943
00:34:53,589 --> 00:34:51,679
things like laser beams or particle

944
00:34:54,790 --> 00:34:53,599
projectors so you might be able to get

945
00:34:57,190 --> 00:34:54,800
away with those shields that were

946
00:34:58,630 --> 00:34:57,200
reflective or which were magnetic and

947
00:35:00,550 --> 00:34:58,640
and diverted anything that was charged

948
00:35:02,470 --> 00:35:00,560
like that so you might actually have

949
00:35:05,589 --> 00:35:02,480
shields like that to some degree not

950
00:35:07,910 --> 00:35:05,599
quite the star trek shield but similar

951
00:35:11,510 --> 00:35:07,920
the the problem that i've always had

952
00:35:13,430 --> 00:35:11,520
with those shields is that you know when

953
00:35:15,190 --> 00:35:13,440
they when they bring up something that

954
00:35:18,230 --> 00:35:15,200
surrounds the ship

955
00:35:20,630 --> 00:35:18,240
is that they can see through it

956
00:35:22,310 --> 00:35:20,640
i i've always had a problem with that

957
00:35:24,870 --> 00:35:22,320
because if you can see through it that

958
00:35:27,190 --> 00:35:24,880
means they can see you and they could

959
00:35:29,190 --> 00:35:27,200
shoot through it right

960
00:35:32,950 --> 00:35:29,200
that's uh

961
00:35:36,069 --> 00:35:32,960
ex explain that part of it uh to me uh

962
00:35:38,310 --> 00:35:36,079
is that does that just make that

963
00:35:39,829 --> 00:35:38,320
uh cartoonish that that is complete

964
00:35:41,030 --> 00:35:39,839
fiction and something that would be

965
00:35:43,349 --> 00:35:41,040
impossible

966
00:35:44,950 --> 00:35:43,359
somewhat i mean from a conceptual idea

967
00:35:46,950 --> 00:35:44,960
it's it's the right notion from a

968
00:35:48,310 --> 00:35:46,960
military angle if you've got a weakness

969
00:35:50,630 --> 00:35:48,320
in somebody else's armor that they're

970
00:35:52,870 --> 00:35:50,640
using like a visor on a helmet that's

971
00:35:54,390 --> 00:35:52,880
exactly where you focus your attacks at

972
00:35:55,349 --> 00:35:54,400
seeing for the gate on a city wall

973
00:35:56,870 --> 00:35:55,359
that's where you go bring up your

974
00:35:58,790 --> 00:35:56,880
battery rams

975
00:36:00,310 --> 00:35:58,800
and so that's the right kind of notion

976
00:36:01,829 --> 00:36:00,320
if you've got a shield like that where

977
00:36:03,349 --> 00:36:01,839
it blocks out a certain frequency of

978
00:36:05,670 --> 00:36:03,359
light that you're using to detect things

979
00:36:07,349 --> 00:36:05,680
with you might constantly cycle what

980
00:36:09,109 --> 00:36:07,359
frequency that was on

981
00:36:10,390 --> 00:36:09,119
so the enemy didn't know what it was but

982
00:36:11,750 --> 00:36:10,400
you could still shoot through that well

983
00:36:13,190 --> 00:36:11,760
they're trying to guess which frequency

984
00:36:15,190 --> 00:36:13,200
you're going to use next

985
00:36:16,710 --> 00:36:15,200
and shoot through that themselves you

986
00:36:17,829 --> 00:36:16,720
can still see through that on that one

987
00:36:19,670 --> 00:36:17,839
wavelength

988
00:36:21,030 --> 00:36:19,680
and so with something like a shield we

989
00:36:23,430 --> 00:36:21,040
don't know how we do it yet but we can

990
00:36:24,950 --> 00:36:23,440
still discuss it this way because we

991
00:36:26,870 --> 00:36:24,960
know what it's supposed to be doing and

992
00:36:28,150 --> 00:36:26,880
so we get an idea what the weakness is

993
00:36:30,230 --> 00:36:28,160
something like that you might also have

994
00:36:31,829 --> 00:36:30,240
a tether on a little camera at the end

995
00:36:33,829 --> 00:36:31,839
that was excluded from the shield you

996
00:36:35,030 --> 00:36:33,839
could kind of like let slip out through

997
00:36:36,710 --> 00:36:35,040
the edge of the shield and that was what

998
00:36:37,990 --> 00:36:36,720
you were seeing by

999
00:36:39,510 --> 00:36:38,000
right right how would you go about

1000
00:36:40,310 --> 00:36:39,520
making something like that and usually

1001
00:36:41,589 --> 00:36:40,320
you have to be able to play with

1002
00:36:44,069 --> 00:36:41,599
something like negative matter or

1003
00:36:47,190 --> 00:36:44,079
gravity to be able to pull that off so a

1004
00:36:50,390 --> 00:36:47,200
real force field would actually be the

1005
00:36:52,069 --> 00:36:50,400
the most effective idea from this would

1006
00:36:54,630 --> 00:36:52,079
actually end up being something that you

1007
00:36:57,670 --> 00:36:54,640
probably couldn't see through and then

1008
00:36:58,950 --> 00:36:57,680
that would defeat the purpose of

1009
00:37:00,470 --> 00:36:58,960
the force field because then you

1010
00:37:02,230 --> 00:37:00,480
couldn't see outside of the ship you'd

1011
00:37:04,069 --> 00:37:02,240
look out of the window and you would

1012
00:37:05,349 --> 00:37:04,079
have a solid wall there

1013
00:37:07,829 --> 00:37:05,359
yep the only way you could get around

1014
00:37:10,069 --> 00:37:07,839
that is if it was like a one-way meal or

1015
00:37:11,510 --> 00:37:10,079
which is concealedly possible or if it

1016
00:37:13,190 --> 00:37:11,520
was that it lets you see in certain

1017
00:37:14,550 --> 00:37:13,200
frequencies and of course they'd have to

1018
00:37:16,230 --> 00:37:14,560
be ones you could change because if the

1019
00:37:17,829 --> 00:37:16,240
enemy knows what frequency you see

1020
00:37:19,990 --> 00:37:17,839
through that's the frequency they're

1021
00:37:23,829 --> 00:37:20,000
using for all of their lasers

1022
00:37:27,190 --> 00:37:23,839
right right right and uh let's let's go

1023
00:37:28,710 --> 00:37:27,200
to the other side of this which is

1024
00:37:29,750 --> 00:37:28,720
weapons

1025
00:37:38,390 --> 00:37:29,760
and

1026
00:37:40,230 --> 00:37:38,400
uh weapons is is this clark attack is

1027
00:37:41,990 --> 00:37:40,240
this something that

1028
00:37:43,750 --> 00:37:42,000
because we hear about laser weapons now

1029
00:37:45,589 --> 00:37:43,760
that they're being deployed in our own

1030
00:37:47,510 --> 00:37:45,599
military

1031
00:37:49,670 --> 00:37:47,520
but usually the laser weapons purpose is

1032
00:37:50,630 --> 00:37:49,680
not to actually cause much direct damage

1033
00:37:52,069 --> 00:37:50,640
although sometimes you get like a

1034
00:37:54,390 --> 00:37:52,079
kinetic kill on a missile a really

1035
00:37:56,550 --> 00:37:54,400
powerful laser that just burns it out

1036
00:37:59,190 --> 00:37:56,560
but by and large we use them to you know

1037
00:38:00,790 --> 00:37:59,200
enhance aim things like that the problem

1038
00:38:02,310 --> 00:38:00,800
is that a laser

1039
00:38:04,150 --> 00:38:02,320
doesn't really have that much energy in

1040
00:38:07,190 --> 00:38:04,160
it and anything you can use to actually

1041
00:38:08,630 --> 00:38:07,200
power that is usually very bulky and

1042
00:38:10,550 --> 00:38:08,640
you'd almost always be better off

1043
00:38:11,910 --> 00:38:10,560
instead taking that energy running

1044
00:38:14,230 --> 00:38:11,920
through a magnetic field and shooting

1045
00:38:16,710 --> 00:38:14,240
something out what's called a rail gun

1046
00:38:19,109 --> 00:38:16,720
or on the channel a whale gun

1047
00:38:20,550 --> 00:38:19,119
right right and uh that's usually a

1048
00:38:21,829 --> 00:38:20,560
better bang for your buck in terms of

1049
00:38:23,430 --> 00:38:21,839
energy you throw a chunk of metal

1050
00:38:25,589 --> 00:38:23,440
somebody's way instead that you put that

1051
00:38:27,829 --> 00:38:25,599
same amount of energy in as kinetic

1052
00:38:29,109 --> 00:38:27,839
but a laser weapon that's just there to

1053
00:38:30,790 --> 00:38:29,119
burn a hole through somebody like we

1054
00:38:33,349 --> 00:38:30,800
usually see with a laser rifle a pistol

1055
00:38:34,870 --> 00:38:33,359
and sci-fi that one's probably not on

1056
00:38:36,390 --> 00:38:34,880
the radar what you'd see instead was

1057
00:38:38,310 --> 00:38:36,400
something that did something like suck

1058
00:38:39,589 --> 00:38:38,320
air out solidified and shoot that at

1059
00:38:43,349 --> 00:38:39,599
somebody instead

1060
00:38:45,190 --> 00:38:43,359
no i i've got a laser uh over at the

1061
00:38:48,150 --> 00:38:45,200
house right i've got a crazy

1062
00:38:51,510 --> 00:38:48,160
high-powered laser that i use to uh

1063
00:38:53,829 --> 00:38:51,520
attract ships when we're out doing uh

1064
00:38:55,510 --> 00:38:53,839
sky watches night watches at night with

1065
00:38:58,310 --> 00:38:55,520
night vision goggles

1066
00:39:00,710 --> 00:38:58,320
that laser that i have

1067
00:39:02,390 --> 00:39:00,720
can burn you in a second if you pointed

1068
00:39:05,510 --> 00:39:02,400
that at your skin

1069
00:39:09,109 --> 00:39:05,520
and you hold it on it burns you but

1070
00:39:11,430 --> 00:39:09,119
it's a constant thing as opposed to with

1071
00:39:12,710 --> 00:39:11,440
this future tech where you see these

1072
00:39:13,670 --> 00:39:12,720
lasers

1073
00:39:16,870 --> 00:39:13,680
running

1074
00:39:18,950 --> 00:39:16,880
in slow motion right you see them and

1075
00:39:21,190 --> 00:39:18,960
they're running so slow

1076
00:39:23,109 --> 00:39:21,200
it looks like whoever's being shot at

1077
00:39:25,030 --> 00:39:23,119
can dodge the bullets

1078
00:39:26,150 --> 00:39:25,040
yeah it can dance out of the way

1079
00:39:27,910 --> 00:39:26,160
the funny thing is that might actually

1080
00:39:29,430 --> 00:39:27,920
be appropriate when scaled up a bit

1081
00:39:31,349 --> 00:39:29,440
because if these ships aren't tens of

1082
00:39:33,750 --> 00:39:31,359
meters away or kilometers away but

1083
00:39:35,430 --> 00:39:33,760
rather engage each other light seconds

1084
00:39:36,790 --> 00:39:35,440
away then they might be able to dodge

1085
00:39:38,870 --> 00:39:36,800
just the scales messed up because you

1086
00:39:40,310 --> 00:39:38,880
wouldn't be to see those ships or if you

1087
00:39:42,310 --> 00:39:40,320
were you'd be shooting some ship that

1088
00:39:43,510 --> 00:39:42,320
was several thousand miles across itself

1089
00:39:44,790 --> 00:39:43,520
in which case

1090
00:39:46,390 --> 00:39:44,800
you probably don't want to be fighting

1091
00:39:48,230 --> 00:39:46,400
that thing

1092
00:39:50,870 --> 00:39:48,240
right and so

1093
00:39:51,870 --> 00:39:50,880
with uh a laser weapon

1094
00:39:55,109 --> 00:39:51,880
you wouldn't

1095
00:39:56,550 --> 00:39:55,119
necessarily even see the beam of light

1096
00:40:00,870 --> 00:39:56,560
right

1097
00:40:03,030 --> 00:40:00,880
seeing these you know hand-to-hand

1098
00:40:06,150 --> 00:40:03,040
battles going on with these shoulder

1099
00:40:07,990 --> 00:40:06,160
fired and you know pistols and stuff

1100
00:40:10,069 --> 00:40:08,000
you're seeing the beams of light but in

1101
00:40:10,790 --> 00:40:10,079
reality you wouldn't see anything would

1102
00:40:14,870 --> 00:40:10,800
you

1103
00:40:16,230 --> 00:40:14,880
one high powered enough on the ground to

1104
00:40:18,230 --> 00:40:16,240
shoot somebody and bought a hole through

1105
00:40:20,310 --> 00:40:18,240
them the amount of scatter off of that

1106
00:40:22,390 --> 00:40:20,320
uh would actually probably give you some

1107
00:40:23,670 --> 00:40:22,400
visual effect you could see and then of

1108
00:40:25,190 --> 00:40:23,680
course there's also the augmented

1109
00:40:27,109 --> 00:40:25,200
reality thing which is our biggest

1110
00:40:28,790 --> 00:40:27,119
excuse for video games with sci-fi is

1111
00:40:30,310 --> 00:40:28,800
why you can see the other guys ships is

1112
00:40:32,390 --> 00:40:30,320
you're not actually seeing real space

1113
00:40:33,750 --> 00:40:32,400
you're seeing the computer's version of

1114
00:40:35,270 --> 00:40:33,760
that that shows you so you can pay

1115
00:40:37,190 --> 00:40:35,280
attention properly

1116
00:40:38,470 --> 00:40:37,200
but um and that's kind of handwave we

1117
00:40:40,470 --> 00:40:38,480
might actually see people use in the

1118
00:40:42,310 --> 00:40:40,480
future too is all the ships look like

1119
00:40:43,190 --> 00:40:42,320
they're only you know right next door

1120
00:40:45,190 --> 00:40:43,200
even though they are thousands of

1121
00:40:47,670 --> 00:40:45,200
kilometers away just so that the human

1122
00:40:50,150 --> 00:40:47,680
mind can kind of process it properly

1123
00:40:51,270 --> 00:40:50,160
but uh in space there's almost no debris

1124
00:40:52,630 --> 00:40:51,280
now if they're fighting long enough

1125
00:40:53,990 --> 00:40:52,640
there might be enough debris and gas

1126
00:40:55,670 --> 00:40:54,000
around that they could actually see the

1127
00:40:57,430 --> 00:40:55,680
laser beam scatter

1128
00:40:59,109 --> 00:40:57,440
but uh no you don't see one of those

1129
00:41:00,550 --> 00:40:59,119
until it actually hits you

1130
00:41:01,589 --> 00:41:00,560
and you don't really see it at all from

1131
00:41:03,829 --> 00:41:01,599
the side

1132
00:41:06,390 --> 00:41:03,839
and the only way to dodge a laser beam

1133
00:41:07,910 --> 00:41:06,400
is to preemptively dodge it which the

1134
00:41:09,589 --> 00:41:07,920
only way you can do that right now is to

1135
00:41:11,589 --> 00:41:09,599
randomly walk you're constantly

1136
00:41:12,710 --> 00:41:11,599
jittering back and forth right on the

1137
00:41:14,309 --> 00:41:12,720
assumption someone's going to take a

1138
00:41:15,510 --> 00:41:14,319
shot at you so they don't know where

1139
00:41:16,470 --> 00:41:15,520
you're going to be at

1140
00:41:17,829 --> 00:41:16,480
but you don't know when they're going to

1141
00:41:19,750 --> 00:41:17,839
shoot at you until it arrives you have

1142
00:41:21,349 --> 00:41:19,760
to be constantly doing that and that

1143
00:41:24,950 --> 00:41:21,359
takes a lot of energy

1144
00:41:27,510 --> 00:41:24,960
i have uh seen demonstrations of uh

1145
00:41:29,990 --> 00:41:27,520
laser beams you know

1146
00:41:32,950 --> 00:41:30,000
burning up a ship or or what have you in

1147
00:41:36,150 --> 00:41:32,960
target exercises right now i can't see

1148
00:41:37,510 --> 00:41:36,160
those laser beams

1149
00:41:39,670 --> 00:41:37,520
no they're usually not even invisible

1150
00:41:41,349 --> 00:41:39,680
frequencies i mean the spectrum is huge

1151
00:41:43,270 --> 00:41:41,359
and uh typically speaking the visual

1152
00:41:45,349 --> 00:41:43,280
spectrum is not a good one for lasers

1153
00:41:48,230 --> 00:41:45,359
unless you try to use them to use like a

1154
00:41:49,510 --> 00:41:48,240
laser pointer because those frequencies

1155
00:41:51,430 --> 00:41:49,520
are the things that get absorbed by

1156
00:41:53,109 --> 00:41:51,440
almost everything we think of as normal

1157
00:41:54,470 --> 00:41:53,119
chemistry that's why we use them to see

1158
00:41:56,630 --> 00:41:54,480
by

1159
00:41:58,790 --> 00:41:56,640
explain that to me for a second

1160
00:42:01,430 --> 00:41:58,800
well you got the uh the frequency

1161
00:42:03,750 --> 00:42:01,440
of light varies a lot by wavelength and

1162
00:42:05,829 --> 00:42:03,760
by and lowe's the frequency of light its

1163
00:42:07,510 --> 00:42:05,839
wavelength is very similar in size to

1164
00:42:09,829 --> 00:42:07,520
whatever is actually emitting process

1165
00:42:11,430 --> 00:42:09,839
wise like gamma rays very high energy

1166
00:42:13,109 --> 00:42:11,440
things they have a wavelength about the

1167
00:42:14,790 --> 00:42:13,119
size of an atomic nucleus which is

1168
00:42:16,309 --> 00:42:14,800
typically where they come from x-rays

1169
00:42:18,309 --> 00:42:16,319
are about the size of that inner core of

1170
00:42:19,510 --> 00:42:18,319
electrons around most

1171
00:42:21,510 --> 00:42:19,520
uh atoms

1172
00:42:22,710 --> 00:42:21,520
and that's what emits them too

1173
00:42:23,990 --> 00:42:22,720
most of things that we think of as

1174
00:42:25,829 --> 00:42:24,000
visible light or infrared and

1175
00:42:27,030 --> 00:42:25,839
ultraviolet which are those same types

1176
00:42:28,790 --> 00:42:27,040
of light they just have to be on either

1177
00:42:30,309 --> 00:42:28,800
side of the part we can see

1178
00:42:31,670 --> 00:42:30,319
uh these are chemical lights for the

1179
00:42:33,030 --> 00:42:31,680
most part yeah these are the kind of

1180
00:42:34,390 --> 00:42:33,040
things that interact with normal

1181
00:42:36,390 --> 00:42:34,400
chemistry

1182
00:42:38,550 --> 00:42:36,400
and um

1183
00:42:40,069 --> 00:42:38,560
by and large uh that's what makes it

1184
00:42:41,829 --> 00:42:40,079
easier to see ultimately something like

1185
00:42:43,990 --> 00:42:41,839
radio waves you can have a radio wave

1186
00:42:45,430 --> 00:42:44,000
like an elf one such as the subs use the

1187
00:42:46,630 --> 00:42:45,440
photon of that is about the size of a

1188
00:42:48,710 --> 00:42:46,640
planet

1189
00:42:52,069 --> 00:42:48,720
every little tiny individual photon

1190
00:42:54,470 --> 00:42:52,079
right right right and how does it work

1191
00:42:59,270 --> 00:42:54,480
and we're going to move on for uh uh in

1192
00:43:03,510 --> 00:42:59,280
in just a second but when uh uh

1193
00:43:05,510 --> 00:43:03,520
observatories are firing off uh laser

1194
00:43:07,910 --> 00:43:05,520
beams out into

1195
00:43:10,230 --> 00:43:07,920
the milky way to measure the distance of

1196
00:43:11,030 --> 00:43:10,240
stars and and to do these kinds of

1197
00:43:13,349 --> 00:43:11,040
things

1198
00:43:14,950 --> 00:43:13,359
with the dissipation that happens over

1199
00:43:18,550 --> 00:43:14,960
distance

1200
00:43:20,950 --> 00:43:18,560
how do they keep that laser focused uh

1201
00:43:23,109 --> 00:43:20,960
so they can work if they are jumping out

1202
00:43:25,190 --> 00:43:23,119
100 light years away that's a you know

1203
00:43:27,430 --> 00:43:25,200
it's a vast distance i i don't

1204
00:43:30,150 --> 00:43:27,440
understand that part of it it seems like

1205
00:43:32,150 --> 00:43:30,160
at that at that at the receiving end

1206
00:43:34,550 --> 00:43:32,160
that laser beam would be

1207
00:43:36,710 --> 00:43:34,560
you know millions of miles wide wouldn't

1208
00:43:38,710 --> 00:43:36,720
it oh yeah yeah uh and of course usually

1209
00:43:40,309 --> 00:43:38,720
when we're using telescopes or i should

1210
00:43:41,910 --> 00:43:40,319
say middles that are really condensed

1211
00:43:43,910 --> 00:43:41,920
like that that's not to detect things

1212
00:43:45,109 --> 00:43:43,920
ourselves that's to send a message you

1213
00:43:46,790 --> 00:43:45,119
can use a laser on something like the

1214
00:43:48,550 --> 00:43:46,800
moon or mars and get a useful piece of

1215
00:43:50,150 --> 00:43:48,560
data but the others will take you know

1216
00:43:51,430 --> 00:43:50,160
years or centuries for that beam to

1217
00:43:53,589 --> 00:43:51,440
arrive and you're not going to detect it

1218
00:43:55,910 --> 00:43:53,599
when it bounces back be too scattered

1219
00:43:56,790 --> 00:43:55,920
but if you want to talk to somebody uh

1220
00:43:58,630 --> 00:43:56,800
who's

1221
00:44:00,710 --> 00:43:58,640
a radio transmitter that's 50 kilowatts

1222
00:44:02,309 --> 00:44:00,720
you can hear that uh halfway around the

1223
00:44:04,069 --> 00:44:02,319
continent with a good with a good uh

1224
00:44:05,109 --> 00:44:04,079
normal antenna

1225
00:44:06,870 --> 00:44:05,119
um

1226
00:44:08,870 --> 00:44:06,880
but that stuff falls off with the

1227
00:44:11,030 --> 00:44:08,880
invoice square so if it's 10 times

1228
00:44:12,390 --> 00:44:11,040
further away it's 100 times weaker if

1229
00:44:15,109 --> 00:44:12,400
you want to hear people from another

1230
00:44:15,990 --> 00:44:15,119
solar system either a dish you know

1231
00:44:18,069 --> 00:44:16,000
that's

1232
00:44:20,309 --> 00:44:18,079
ginormous or they need to send you a

1233
00:44:22,230 --> 00:44:20,319
really concentrated beam so we try to

1234
00:44:24,470 --> 00:44:22,240
send signals off to other plants to see

1235
00:44:26,630 --> 00:44:24,480
if there's anybody there we concentrate

1236
00:44:28,550 --> 00:44:26,640
as much as possible to save power

1237
00:44:30,390 --> 00:44:28,560
you could do an omnidirectional

1238
00:44:32,150 --> 00:44:30,400
broadcast with that but it needs a lot

1239
00:44:33,829 --> 00:44:32,160
more power and you have problems hearing

1240
00:44:35,670 --> 00:44:33,839
even our best radios with our best

1241
00:44:38,470 --> 00:44:35,680
equipment more than a few light years

1242
00:44:39,589 --> 00:44:38,480
away yeah now that made sense that i

1243
00:44:41,990 --> 00:44:39,599
understood

1244
00:44:44,710 --> 00:44:42,000
and i want to get into communication and

1245
00:44:46,230 --> 00:44:44,720
travel right now uh by jumping into

1246
00:44:47,589 --> 00:44:46,240
wormholes

1247
00:44:50,230 --> 00:44:47,599
and

1248
00:44:51,190 --> 00:44:50,240
the the concept of wormholes has been

1249
00:44:53,109 --> 00:44:51,200
talked

1250
00:44:55,510 --> 00:44:53,119
you know since i was a kid

1251
00:44:58,870 --> 00:44:55,520
uh in the 70s where wormholes started to

1252
00:45:02,950 --> 00:44:58,880
become a subject of conversation

1253
00:45:05,829 --> 00:45:02,960
um has there at this point

1254
00:45:08,150 --> 00:45:05,839
has it gone beyond theory has there been

1255
00:45:08,950 --> 00:45:08,160
any wormholes detected

1256
00:45:12,470 --> 00:45:08,960
no

1257
00:45:14,710 --> 00:45:12,480
they probably can't actually exist at

1258
00:45:16,150 --> 00:45:14,720
least any sort of useful fashion

1259
00:45:18,230 --> 00:45:16,160
um that's one of those examples of

1260
00:45:19,910 --> 00:45:18,240
things where it's predicted by uh by

1261
00:45:21,670 --> 00:45:19,920
general relativity which has been so

1262
00:45:23,510 --> 00:45:21,680
good at predicting things so far

1263
00:45:25,190 --> 00:45:23,520
uh but so are white holes for instance

1264
00:45:28,870 --> 00:45:25,200
as opposed to black holes

1265
00:45:30,710 --> 00:45:28,880
and as best as we can tell they probably

1266
00:45:32,550 --> 00:45:30,720
are never stable if they do happen at

1267
00:45:34,230 --> 00:45:32,560
all though there are some exceptions

1268
00:45:37,670 --> 00:45:34,240
that there's actually a working theory

1269
00:45:39,270 --> 00:45:37,680
called er equals epr by leonard suskind

1270
00:45:41,670 --> 00:45:39,280
that posits that there might actually be

1271
00:45:43,349 --> 00:45:41,680
a wormhole between every electron that

1272
00:45:45,109 --> 00:45:43,359
these things might be you know

1273
00:45:46,550 --> 00:45:45,119
ridiculously common

1274
00:45:49,030 --> 00:45:46,560
but we probably could not use them to

1275
00:45:50,390 --> 00:45:49,040
send information or send mass through

1276
00:45:52,230 --> 00:45:50,400
and there's a problem when you look at

1277
00:45:54,470 --> 00:45:52,240
these things from a math standpoint is

1278
00:45:56,150 --> 00:45:54,480
uh if you ever feed a wormhole more

1279
00:45:57,589 --> 00:45:56,160
matter than it's got making it up if you

1280
00:45:59,589 --> 00:45:57,599
try to put through too many ships at war

1281
00:46:00,710 --> 00:45:59,599
it should collapse even if you're

1282
00:46:02,069 --> 00:46:00,720
actually using all the cheats like

1283
00:46:04,950 --> 00:46:02,079
negative matter that would hold it

1284
00:46:06,230 --> 00:46:04,960
together to let you use it

1285
00:46:15,510 --> 00:46:06,240
the

1286
00:46:17,270 --> 00:46:15,520
if we would have to make our own

1287
00:46:18,710 --> 00:46:17,280
yes almost certainly if we want to use

1288
00:46:20,790 --> 00:46:18,720
them we'd have to make them ourselves

1289
00:46:23,190 --> 00:46:20,800
and we'd probably have to have negative

1290
00:46:25,270 --> 00:46:23,200
matter or energy to do that with

1291
00:46:27,270 --> 00:46:25,280
from a black hole or wormhole standpoint

1292
00:46:30,870 --> 00:46:27,280
energy works as well as matter

1293
00:46:31,990 --> 00:46:30,880
if you were going to uh build a wormhole

1294
00:46:33,109 --> 00:46:32,000
your own

1295
00:46:35,430 --> 00:46:33,119
what would you

1296
00:46:38,550 --> 00:46:35,440
use it for first

1297
00:46:40,150 --> 00:46:38,560
oh um i would probably use to send

1298
00:46:44,790 --> 00:46:40,160
myself a message on how to construct

1299
00:46:48,069 --> 00:46:46,710
so you what happens is you theoretically

1300
00:46:50,230 --> 00:46:48,079
have to make both sides of it you're

1301
00:46:51,910 --> 00:46:50,240
making the two next to each other and if

1302
00:46:53,270 --> 00:46:51,920
you move one of those gates to some

1303
00:46:55,430 --> 00:46:53,280
place that's useful which you have to do

1304
00:46:57,030 --> 00:46:55,440
at sublight speeds and various sublight

1305
00:46:58,390 --> 00:46:57,040
speeds because these things are massive

1306
00:47:00,069 --> 00:46:58,400
these are not things you make in a room

1307
00:47:01,990 --> 00:47:00,079
these are things that are out usually at

1308
00:47:04,150 --> 00:47:02,000
our master solar system

1309
00:47:05,829 --> 00:47:04,160
um you move that point somewhere and

1310
00:47:08,470 --> 00:47:05,839
it's undergone time dilation while you

1311
00:47:09,750 --> 00:47:08,480
did that if you drag it back home after

1312
00:47:11,349 --> 00:47:09,760
you moved it away

1313
00:47:13,670 --> 00:47:11,359
you're going to go in one gate and pop

1314
00:47:16,150 --> 00:47:13,680
out before you left

1315
00:47:20,230 --> 00:47:17,750
okay

1316
00:47:23,030 --> 00:47:20,240
if we built a wormhole

1317
00:47:26,230 --> 00:47:23,040
we built a wormhole from here on earth

1318
00:47:27,109 --> 00:47:26,240
to you know pick something serious be

1319
00:47:29,670 --> 00:47:27,119
right

1320
00:47:31,430 --> 00:47:29,680
okay and and that's where we want to go

1321
00:47:32,470 --> 00:47:31,440
we build that

1322
00:47:33,430 --> 00:47:32,480
could

1323
00:47:35,270 --> 00:47:33,440
that

1324
00:47:38,309 --> 00:47:35,280
be seen

1325
00:47:40,230 --> 00:47:38,319
would we see the wormhole would somebody

1326
00:47:42,309 --> 00:47:40,240
else see the wormhole

1327
00:47:44,309 --> 00:47:42,319
yes uh most of the ways you would

1328
00:47:46,309 --> 00:47:44,319
normally make a wormhole involve so much

1329
00:47:48,309 --> 00:47:46,319
mass going into the thing

1330
00:47:50,230 --> 00:47:48,319
that uh you'd see all the emission i

1331
00:47:51,349 --> 00:47:50,240
like was a gigantic black hole because

1332
00:47:53,109 --> 00:47:51,359
that's basically what they always

1333
00:47:54,550 --> 00:47:53,119
gigantic black holes

1334
00:47:56,309 --> 00:47:54,560
and you would absolutely see that and

1335
00:47:57,670 --> 00:47:56,319
then of course a white hole which

1336
00:47:59,750 --> 00:47:57,680
theoretically might be on the other end

1337
00:48:01,190 --> 00:47:59,760
of these things um which we've also

1338
00:48:03,589 --> 00:48:01,200
never detected

1339
00:48:05,109 --> 00:48:03,599
right um those are i mean the exact

1340
00:48:07,270 --> 00:48:05,119
opposite of black hole all they do is

1341
00:48:08,790 --> 00:48:07,280
shoot metal out you can never get out

1342
00:48:11,430 --> 00:48:08,800
from behind a black hole but you never

1343
00:48:14,150 --> 00:48:11,440
get into a white hole

1344
00:48:16,790 --> 00:48:14,160
and the difference between okay so

1345
00:48:19,270 --> 00:48:16,800
we build our wormhole

1346
00:48:22,309 --> 00:48:19,280
between here and series b

1347
00:48:24,630 --> 00:48:22,319
when we travel through it does anything

1348
00:48:27,349 --> 00:48:24,640
change with us physically we know what

1349
00:48:29,270 --> 00:48:27,359
happens uh down to a singularity with

1350
00:48:31,510 --> 00:48:29,280
with the black hole we're ripped to

1351
00:48:33,349 --> 00:48:31,520
shreds

1352
00:48:34,870 --> 00:48:33,359
what happens when we travel through a

1353
00:48:37,670 --> 00:48:34,880
wormhole

1354
00:48:39,349 --> 00:48:37,680
it should be like just falling down um

1355
00:48:40,710 --> 00:48:39,359
the problem is it's kind of dubious if

1356
00:48:42,950 --> 00:48:40,720
you can actually build up enough speed

1357
00:48:44,630 --> 00:48:42,960
to keep going the idea is to make sure

1358
00:48:46,069 --> 00:48:44,640
you don't fall into that singularity

1359
00:48:47,750 --> 00:48:46,079
which is where the negative matter comes

1360
00:48:49,750 --> 00:48:47,760
to play but imagine if we took the earth

1361
00:48:51,990 --> 00:48:49,760
and we drilled a hole down to it

1362
00:48:53,829 --> 00:48:52,000
uh all the way through and uh right

1363
00:48:55,109 --> 00:48:53,839
through the core if i drop you down

1364
00:48:56,790 --> 00:48:55,119
there people wonder what happens when

1365
00:48:58,710 --> 00:48:56,800
you hit the center at the very center

1366
00:49:00,549 --> 00:48:58,720
there's no gravity of course but you

1367
00:49:02,230 --> 00:49:00,559
just keep falling down but then you'd

1368
00:49:03,750 --> 00:49:02,240
oscillate right back down again you

1369
00:49:06,230 --> 00:49:03,760
never stop falling you'll fall through

1370
00:49:08,390 --> 00:49:06,240
the center rise back up fall back down

1371
00:49:09,910 --> 00:49:08,400
again rise back up and oscillate

1372
00:49:12,549 --> 00:49:09,920
and in order to actually get away from

1373
00:49:14,710 --> 00:49:12,559
that you'd have to apply some more speed

1374
00:49:16,069 --> 00:49:14,720
so in theory while you're traveling down

1375
00:49:17,589 --> 00:49:16,079
one of these wormholes if you gave

1376
00:49:18,710 --> 00:49:17,599
yourself a big kick of speed while

1377
00:49:20,390 --> 00:49:18,720
you're in it

1378
00:49:22,390 --> 00:49:20,400
you should have all that energy you had

1379
00:49:23,750 --> 00:49:22,400
falling down building up and speeding up

1380
00:49:25,589 --> 00:49:23,760
plus that little bit of thrust you gave

1381
00:49:27,910 --> 00:49:25,599
yourself that could let you

1382
00:49:29,270 --> 00:49:27,920
theoretically exit maybe kind of solder

1383
00:49:31,030 --> 00:49:29,280
yeah there's a lot of baby kind of

1384
00:49:32,390 --> 00:49:31,040
swords with horses

1385
00:49:35,109 --> 00:49:32,400
so what would you do at the other end

1386
00:49:37,109 --> 00:49:35,119
like reach up and try to grab the edge

1387
00:49:38,150 --> 00:49:37,119
so you don't fall back

1388
00:49:40,309 --> 00:49:38,160
if you have that kick that would

1389
00:49:41,910 --> 00:49:40,319
actually let you get out from inside the

1390
00:49:43,829 --> 00:49:41,920
event horizon that nothing can escape

1391
00:49:45,430 --> 00:49:43,839
from you should just emerge on your own

1392
00:49:47,430 --> 00:49:45,440
at that point in time

1393
00:49:49,349 --> 00:49:47,440
um that's the problem though is you

1394
00:49:51,270 --> 00:49:49,359
could get through that sink get through

1395
00:49:53,349 --> 00:49:51,280
that one horse the other side but you're

1396
00:49:55,430 --> 00:49:53,359
probably gonna fall right back down into

1397
00:49:58,150 --> 00:49:55,440
the warm wall again so

1398
00:50:00,230 --> 00:49:58,160
what so what does this do with all of

1399
00:50:03,109 --> 00:50:00,240
the science fiction writing out there

1400
00:50:05,270 --> 00:50:03,119
about traveling through a wormhole

1401
00:50:06,870 --> 00:50:05,280
it mostly makes it not work to really

1402
00:50:08,549 --> 00:50:06,880
make something like a wormhole walk at

1403
00:50:11,109 --> 00:50:08,559
all you at least need negative matter or

1404
00:50:13,109 --> 00:50:11,119
energy which is least on the table

1405
00:50:15,030 --> 00:50:13,119
but probably the more

1406
00:50:17,270 --> 00:50:15,040
the more realistic approach you want to

1407
00:50:18,950 --> 00:50:17,280
say realistic would be to have a new bit

1408
00:50:20,870 --> 00:50:18,960
of science let you play with gravity

1409
00:50:21,670 --> 00:50:20,880
directly your anti-gravity or gravity

1410
00:50:22,950 --> 00:50:21,680
things

1411
00:50:24,790 --> 00:50:22,960
at that point in time you don't

1412
00:50:26,950 --> 00:50:24,800
necessarily have to have something like

1413
00:50:29,270 --> 00:50:26,960
negative mass what you could do instead

1414
00:50:30,790 --> 00:50:29,280
is you know make a big long relay of

1415
00:50:33,430 --> 00:50:30,800
gravity generators that just

1416
00:50:35,270 --> 00:50:33,440
concentrated space time down in a line

1417
00:50:36,870 --> 00:50:35,280
and you just run along that line you're

1418
00:50:38,069 --> 00:50:36,880
not technically going faster than light

1419
00:50:40,230 --> 00:50:38,079
it's the same as like with the warp

1420
00:50:41,670 --> 00:50:40,240
drive you're condensing space in front

1421
00:50:43,990 --> 00:50:41,680
of you only in this case it's like a

1422
00:50:46,230 --> 00:50:44,000
highway you'd be driving from one solar

1423
00:50:47,430 --> 00:50:46,240
system to another and it's expressway

1424
00:50:48,790 --> 00:50:47,440
it's a much shorter distance you

1425
00:50:50,069 --> 00:50:48,800
actually have to follow even though it

1426
00:50:51,030 --> 00:50:50,079
looks to everyone else like a longer

1427
00:50:53,270 --> 00:50:51,040
distance

1428
00:50:54,950 --> 00:50:53,280
and that doesn't break the whole ftl

1429
00:50:56,710 --> 00:50:54,960
thing but that kind of gravity

1430
00:50:58,870 --> 00:50:56,720
manipulation which is kind of the idea

1431
00:50:59,750 --> 00:50:58,880
behind a wormhole in the first place is

1432
00:51:01,910 --> 00:50:59,760
the sort of thing that would actually

1433
00:51:04,230 --> 00:51:01,920
let you do something like that if we

1434
00:51:05,670 --> 00:51:04,240
could get that to walk so gravity very

1435
00:51:08,230 --> 00:51:05,680
interesting force so we can actually

1436
00:51:10,630 --> 00:51:08,240
control it but we don't know how to yet

1437
00:51:13,190 --> 00:51:10,640
now what about uh

1438
00:51:17,109 --> 00:51:13,200
traveling in something that has got

1439
00:51:20,069 --> 00:51:17,119
energy like a ship that has got thrust

1440
00:51:21,510 --> 00:51:20,079
could that go through a wormhole

1441
00:51:22,950 --> 00:51:21,520
and that's the general idea would be

1442
00:51:24,870 --> 00:51:22,960
that if you're falling into this black

1443
00:51:27,430 --> 00:51:24,880
hole you pick up energy and you can

1444
00:51:28,309 --> 00:51:27,440
apply more energy when you start rising

1445
00:51:30,309 --> 00:51:28,319
up out from the other side of

1446
00:51:32,470 --> 00:51:30,319
singularity which you've managed to

1447
00:51:33,990 --> 00:51:32,480
somehow not encounter right the problem

1448
00:51:34,950 --> 00:51:34,000
with the singularity is we call it that

1449
00:51:36,870 --> 00:51:34,960
because it's what happens when you

1450
00:51:38,470 --> 00:51:36,880
divide by zero

1451
00:51:40,549 --> 00:51:38,480
there is no mathematical solution at

1452
00:51:42,309 --> 00:51:40,559
that point anything starts to break down

1453
00:51:44,069 --> 00:51:42,319
um you know how do you divide half and

1454
00:51:46,309 --> 00:51:44,079
half what's twice infinity those kind of

1455
00:51:47,670 --> 00:51:46,319
math problems it takes an infinite

1456
00:51:50,390 --> 00:51:47,680
amount of energy to get away from a

1457
00:51:52,470 --> 00:51:50,400
singularity if they actually even exist

1458
00:51:53,430 --> 00:51:52,480
um how do you get an infinite amount of

1459
00:51:56,870 --> 00:51:53,440
energy

1460
00:51:58,150 --> 00:51:56,880
passed through it now rising away but

1461
00:51:59,510 --> 00:51:58,160
you still need an infinite amount of

1462
00:52:00,710 --> 00:51:59,520
energy to get away

1463
00:52:02,870 --> 00:52:00,720
and you know that's one of those

1464
00:52:05,030 --> 00:52:02,880
infinity plus one questions we don't

1465
00:52:06,309 --> 00:52:05,040
really know how that works out and

1466
00:52:07,510 --> 00:52:06,319
that's also one reason why we tend to be

1467
00:52:09,270 --> 00:52:07,520
dubious as to whether or not there

1468
00:52:10,790 --> 00:52:09,280
really is a singularity it might just be

1469
00:52:12,309 --> 00:52:10,800
ultra condensed matter down to the

1470
00:52:14,069 --> 00:52:12,319
planck scale

1471
00:52:16,790 --> 00:52:14,079
and and

1472
00:52:18,950 --> 00:52:16,800
i love the word uh playing scale uh you

1473
00:52:22,069 --> 00:52:18,960
just lit up twitter uh we discussed this

1474
00:52:26,309 --> 00:52:22,079
so often on the show but what about the

1475
00:52:28,549 --> 00:52:26,319
other concept of this like uh stargate

1476
00:52:29,589 --> 00:52:28,559
which you love and i love and everybody

1477
00:52:31,430 --> 00:52:29,599
loves

1478
00:52:33,190 --> 00:52:31,440
but they walk

1479
00:52:34,950 --> 00:52:33,200
right they they

1480
00:52:37,349 --> 00:52:34,960
walk through it

1481
00:52:39,349 --> 00:52:37,359
and and then they're they're covering

1482
00:52:42,470 --> 00:52:39,359
these fast distances

1483
00:52:45,349 --> 00:52:42,480
instantly but they're on their feet

1484
00:52:47,190 --> 00:52:45,359
now is that the same concept is that a

1485
00:52:48,549 --> 00:52:47,200
wormhole

1486
00:52:50,549 --> 00:52:48,559
what they discussed is there i think

1487
00:52:52,549 --> 00:52:50,559
they say it's specifically not actually

1488
00:52:53,910 --> 00:52:52,559
a wormhole but basically it's a wormhole

1489
00:52:55,750 --> 00:52:53,920
and that's probably about the right way

1490
00:52:57,430 --> 00:52:55,760
to look at it the wormholes that we see

1491
00:52:59,109 --> 00:52:57,440
that we theorize about

1492
00:53:00,309 --> 00:52:59,119
uh which to be fair is kind of steering

1493
00:53:01,670 --> 00:53:00,319
the name because it more popped up in

1494
00:53:03,510 --> 00:53:01,680
science fiction is something different

1495
00:53:05,589 --> 00:53:03,520
than we said this is what a wormhole is

1496
00:53:07,349 --> 00:53:05,599
right if we got that gateway thing where

1497
00:53:09,109 --> 00:53:07,359
it's just a two-dimensional thing and

1498
00:53:10,470 --> 00:53:09,119
and by the way a wormhole that we'd

1499
00:53:12,470 --> 00:53:10,480
actually have in real space would be

1500
00:53:14,150 --> 00:53:12,480
three-dimensional look like a sphere

1501
00:53:15,829 --> 00:53:14,160
but there's nothing necessarily says

1502
00:53:17,430 --> 00:53:15,839
that if you got gravity manipulation you

1503
00:53:18,309 --> 00:53:17,440
couldn't maybe make something that was

1504
00:53:20,710 --> 00:53:18,319
two-dimensional instead of

1505
00:53:22,230 --> 00:53:20,720
one-dimensional might save you power

1506
00:53:24,390 --> 00:53:22,240
and of course we have no idea how to do

1507
00:53:26,470 --> 00:53:24,400
this but that's the kind of your ideal

1508
00:53:27,750 --> 00:53:26,480
transport system and one thing i liked

1509
00:53:29,910 --> 00:53:27,760
about that franchise they said wait a

1510
00:53:32,870 --> 00:53:29,920
minute why do we even have spaceships if

1511
00:53:34,470 --> 00:53:32,880
we got this gateway you know

1512
00:53:35,510 --> 00:53:34,480
these are just delivery systems and that

1513
00:53:37,270 --> 00:53:35,520
is one of the problems we often have

1514
00:53:39,190 --> 00:53:37,280
with wormholes as you make them and you

1515
00:53:41,270 --> 00:53:39,200
have to take them to the location

1516
00:53:42,950 --> 00:53:41,280
handy for communication travel inside an

1517
00:53:45,349 --> 00:53:42,960
empire but not so handy for traveling to

1518
00:53:47,910 --> 00:53:45,359
new places and

1519
00:53:49,829 --> 00:53:47,920
the speed

1520
00:53:51,510 --> 00:53:49,839
what is okay let's let's talk about

1521
00:53:53,750 --> 00:53:51,520
stargate for a second you can answer

1522
00:53:55,190 --> 00:53:53,760
i've i've got 30 seconds

1523
00:53:58,309 --> 00:53:55,200
what is the speed that they are

1524
00:53:59,589 --> 00:53:58,319
traveling at in it with the example of

1525
00:54:02,390 --> 00:53:59,599
stargate

1526
00:54:04,470 --> 00:54:02,400
because now we're not talking about ftl

1527
00:54:07,430 --> 00:54:04,480
we're talking about redunkulous right

1528
00:54:08,950 --> 00:54:07,440
it's a whole nother speed all together

1529
00:54:10,470 --> 00:54:08,960
they ironically they'd be moving at

1530
00:54:11,750 --> 00:54:10,480
walking speed the whole idea of the

1531
00:54:14,150 --> 00:54:11,760
wormhole is that it's shortening the

1532
00:54:15,990 --> 00:54:14,160
distance between those two points

1533
00:54:17,589 --> 00:54:16,000
so that they aren't actually speeding up

1534
00:54:19,270 --> 00:54:17,599
or exceeding the speed of light that's

1535
00:54:21,190 --> 00:54:19,280
one of the ways that wormholes and warp

1536
00:54:23,910 --> 00:54:21,200
drives get around ftl is that they are

1537
00:54:25,510 --> 00:54:23,920
not actually breaking that rule at all

1538
00:54:27,109 --> 00:54:25,520
they just kind of seem to be from a

1539
00:54:28,870 --> 00:54:27,119
practical standpoint and we're going to

1540
00:54:30,630 --> 00:54:28,880
discuss that when we come back it's a

1541
00:54:34,069 --> 00:54:30,640
very important point that we need to

1542
00:54:37,510 --> 00:54:34,079
address here because time travel and ftl

1543
00:54:39,430 --> 00:54:37,520
uh with these examples uh take things uh

1544
00:54:41,270 --> 00:54:39,440
to a whole nother level we need to get

1545
00:54:43,670 --> 00:54:41,280
through all of that this is fade to

1546
00:54:45,829 --> 00:54:43,680
black our guest tonight isaac arthur

1547
00:54:47,910 --> 00:54:45,839
we're talking clark tech this is fade to

1548
00:54:49,510 --> 00:54:47,920
black i'm your jimmy church we'll be

1549
00:54:51,920 --> 00:54:49,520
right back after this short break stay

1550
00:55:30,710 --> 00:54:51,930
with us

1551
00:55:35,510 --> 00:55:33,510
all right welcome back isaac arthur is

1552
00:55:38,150 --> 00:55:35,520
our guest

1553
00:55:40,470 --> 00:55:38,160
we're talking clark tech now

1554
00:55:42,710 --> 00:55:40,480
you need to go to isaacarthur.net the

1555
00:55:45,030 --> 00:55:42,720
links are over at jimmychurchradio.com

1556
00:55:47,349 --> 00:55:45,040
just click after the show tonight head

1557
00:55:49,670 --> 00:55:47,359
over to his youtube channel and his uh

1558
00:55:51,430 --> 00:55:49,680
website and and get it on it's

1559
00:55:53,910 --> 00:55:51,440
absolutely amazing

1560
00:55:54,710 --> 00:55:53,920
i spend way too much time there isaac

1561
00:55:59,670 --> 00:55:54,720
way

1562
00:56:02,470 --> 00:55:59,680
drives

1563
00:56:05,990 --> 00:56:02,480
and i recently

1564
00:56:08,630 --> 00:56:06,000
uh i'll send you the link to it um

1565
00:56:11,910 --> 00:56:08,640
uh i have it uh somewhere i'll send you

1566
00:56:13,430 --> 00:56:11,920
the link listen to uh an interview uh

1567
00:56:16,549 --> 00:56:13,440
with miguel

1568
00:56:17,430 --> 00:56:16,559
um uh alcup

1569
00:56:23,750 --> 00:56:17,440
uh

1570
00:56:25,510 --> 00:56:23,760
the science to put this all together

1571
00:56:27,510 --> 00:56:25,520
because it has been talked about for a

1572
00:56:29,190 --> 00:56:27,520
very long time it's not like it's a

1573
00:56:32,789 --> 00:56:29,200
brand new concept

1574
00:56:36,390 --> 00:56:32,799
but uh it's pretty incredible

1575
00:56:38,390 --> 00:56:36,400
and to hear nasa's announcement as as

1576
00:56:40,390 --> 00:56:38,400
you well know i think it was last year

1577
00:56:43,109 --> 00:56:40,400
maybe a year and a half ago you know

1578
00:56:44,390 --> 00:56:43,119
talking about the development of a warp

1579
00:56:47,510 --> 00:56:44,400
drive engine

1580
00:56:49,670 --> 00:56:47,520
is pretty exciting stuff and this isn't

1581
00:56:52,069 --> 00:56:49,680
really outside of the realm of physics

1582
00:56:54,630 --> 00:56:52,079
is it this is something that could

1583
00:56:56,950 --> 00:56:54,640
actually be built

1584
00:56:58,870 --> 00:56:56,960
possibly and it's it's got some options

1585
00:57:00,390 --> 00:56:58,880
there it's not forbidden by physics in

1586
00:57:02,390 --> 00:57:00,400
fact it's kind of a consequence of what

1587
00:57:03,750 --> 00:57:02,400
we think the current theory is

1588
00:57:05,270 --> 00:57:03,760
but it's one of those ones where it runs

1589
00:57:06,710 --> 00:57:05,280
that quantum gravity issue where we

1590
00:57:08,069 --> 00:57:06,720
don't really understand what

1591
00:57:09,670 --> 00:57:08,079
happens with the gravity at this super

1592
00:57:11,510 --> 00:57:09,680
tiny scale

1593
00:57:14,470 --> 00:57:11,520
i think when sunny white's talking about

1594
00:57:15,589 --> 00:57:14,480
it as an idea um from nasa

1595
00:57:16,950 --> 00:57:15,599
um

1596
00:57:19,030 --> 00:57:16,960
one of the things winston there is not

1597
00:57:20,950 --> 00:57:19,040
just using this for ftl travel but for

1598
00:57:22,549 --> 00:57:20,960
using it just for its very fast ship

1599
00:57:24,470 --> 00:57:22,559
propellant you know for conventional

1600
00:57:26,630 --> 00:57:24,480
drive but very quick

1601
00:57:28,069 --> 00:57:26,640
and the idea there and that's i was

1602
00:57:29,910 --> 00:57:28,079
funny i was saying white horse don't

1603
00:57:31,670 --> 00:57:29,920
exist earlier on when you're making one

1604
00:57:33,030 --> 00:57:31,680
of these warp drives you're actually not

1605
00:57:34,309 --> 00:57:33,040
dividing between a white hole and a

1606
00:57:36,390 --> 00:57:34,319
black hole

1607
00:57:38,870 --> 00:57:36,400
and it's uh a very

1608
00:57:40,710 --> 00:57:38,880
dangerous motion method

1609
00:57:43,750 --> 00:57:40,720
well yeah and that we're getting ahead

1610
00:57:47,430 --> 00:57:43,760
of our skis here uh the white hole uh

1611
00:57:50,549 --> 00:57:47,440
black hole concept uh has been suggested

1612
00:57:55,670 --> 00:57:50,559
uh but before we get to that

1613
00:57:57,910 --> 00:57:55,680
the idea of how a warp drive works

1614
00:57:59,910 --> 00:57:57,920
let's i'm going to do the simplified

1615
00:58:02,069 --> 00:57:59,920
side of it first

1616
00:58:04,789 --> 00:58:02,079
and then i need you to help me explain

1617
00:58:06,549 --> 00:58:04,799
what they're actually talking about but

1618
00:58:10,630 --> 00:58:06,559
the concept is

1619
00:58:12,870 --> 00:58:10,640
that you are removing space in front of

1620
00:58:16,309 --> 00:58:12,880
you you're cutting it out you're

1621
00:58:17,990 --> 00:58:16,319
replacing the space behind you and

1622
00:58:20,230 --> 00:58:18,000
adding space

1623
00:58:23,829 --> 00:58:20,240
and therefore uh

1624
00:58:27,109 --> 00:58:23,839
cutting the distance between where you

1625
00:58:28,950 --> 00:58:27,119
need to get to you're removing the space

1626
00:58:32,710 --> 00:58:28,960
which essentially

1627
00:58:33,990 --> 00:58:32,720
instantly puts you where you need to go

1628
00:58:36,870 --> 00:58:34,000
that

1629
00:58:39,030 --> 00:58:36,880
it's it's not faster than light it's

1630
00:58:40,950 --> 00:58:39,040
it's it this is a whole other concept

1631
00:58:44,230 --> 00:58:40,960
you you're not traveling at the speed of

1632
00:58:45,190 --> 00:58:44,240
light you're merely cutting out in front

1633
00:58:47,990 --> 00:58:45,200
of you

1634
00:58:49,030 --> 00:58:48,000
the distance now am i explaining that

1635
00:58:51,109 --> 00:58:49,040
correctly

1636
00:58:52,549 --> 00:58:51,119
yes it's interesting though is it's

1637
00:58:54,470 --> 00:58:52,559
probably a bad name for cause we always

1638
00:58:55,910 --> 00:58:54,480
get warped from star trek and that's you

1639
00:58:57,910 --> 00:58:55,920
know that that looks like motion what

1640
00:58:59,750 --> 00:58:57,920
you're really doing is uh it's something

1641
00:59:01,270 --> 00:58:59,760
they have a flawed analogy i think like

1642
00:59:03,670 --> 00:59:01,280
a submarine where it sucks water in the

1643
00:59:05,270 --> 00:59:03,680
front and spits out the back you're kind

1644
00:59:06,710 --> 00:59:05,280
of doing that only with space-time

1645
00:59:08,309 --> 00:59:06,720
you're compressing in front of you and

1646
00:59:10,390 --> 00:59:08,319
expanding behind you

1647
00:59:11,990 --> 00:59:10,400
and what's neat about this idea it

1648
00:59:13,670 --> 00:59:12,000
doesn't violate ftl at all you're not

1649
00:59:16,150 --> 00:59:13,680
even moving yourself

1650
00:59:17,910 --> 00:59:16,160
um but you're covering distance what's

1651
00:59:20,309 --> 00:59:17,920
neat about it is that it is actually

1652
00:59:21,510 --> 00:59:20,319
allowed under what we know about science

1653
00:59:23,750 --> 00:59:21,520
because

1654
00:59:25,670 --> 00:59:23,760
we know that gravity does contract space

1655
00:59:28,390 --> 00:59:25,680
and time and we know from the existence

1656
00:59:29,670 --> 00:59:28,400
of dark energy that you can expand

1657
00:59:31,270 --> 00:59:29,680
space-time

1658
00:59:33,910 --> 00:59:31,280
and we also know from our theory of

1659
00:59:36,710 --> 00:59:33,920
expansion for the universe that you can

1660
00:59:39,030 --> 00:59:36,720
move things faster than light this way

1661
00:59:40,950 --> 00:59:39,040
and then it's a cheat but cheating's

1662
00:59:44,470 --> 00:59:40,960
okay in this case if you can get it to

1663
00:59:46,069 --> 00:59:44,480
walk right and so what does this do

1664
00:59:47,670 --> 00:59:46,079
we'll get back to the warp drive in a

1665
00:59:49,990 --> 00:59:47,680
second but

1666
00:59:53,030 --> 00:59:50,000
jumping back to star trek where

1667
00:59:55,430 --> 00:59:53,040
or the orville or any of these science

1668
00:59:57,190 --> 00:59:55,440
fiction movies and books where they do

1669
00:59:58,069 --> 00:59:57,200
this kind of travel

1670
01:00:00,549 --> 00:59:58,079
so

1671
01:00:02,630 --> 01:00:00,559
europe you know you're in the orville

1672
01:00:04,630 --> 01:00:02,640
right and you're zipping around fat fat

1673
01:00:07,109 --> 01:00:04,640
fat fat and you're you're zigzagging

1674
01:00:09,030 --> 01:00:07,119
across space on a mission

1675
01:00:09,990 --> 01:00:09,040
what does this do

1676
01:00:12,630 --> 01:00:10,000
to

1677
01:00:15,430 --> 01:00:12,640
relative time back on earth

1678
01:00:17,349 --> 01:00:15,440
we all understand the concepts of of

1679
01:00:18,549 --> 01:00:17,359
albert einstein you know traveling at

1680
01:00:20,710 --> 01:00:18,559
the speed of light you and i have

1681
01:00:22,789 --> 01:00:20,720
discussed this many times and then you

1682
01:00:25,349 --> 01:00:22,799
return back to earth and now you're a

1683
01:00:28,230 --> 01:00:25,359
time traveler you're in the future

1684
01:00:32,710 --> 01:00:28,240
if you're out there on the orville doing

1685
01:00:35,109 --> 01:00:32,720
these uh fantastic light speed jumps

1686
01:00:36,789 --> 01:00:35,119
you earth is no longer part of the

1687
01:00:39,990 --> 01:00:36,799
equation i would think

1688
01:00:42,150 --> 01:00:40,000
in that you're bazillions of years in

1689
01:00:43,589 --> 01:00:42,160
the future when you're done with this

1690
01:00:45,030 --> 01:00:43,599
well you'd expect that from the normal

1691
01:00:46,150 --> 01:00:45,040
stuff but this actually is the real

1692
01:00:47,190 --> 01:00:46,160
cheat that we always think of where

1693
01:00:48,870 --> 01:00:47,200
you're just moving faster and light with

1694
01:00:50,150 --> 01:00:48,880
no time consequences because again

1695
01:00:51,750 --> 01:00:50,160
you're not moving you're not

1696
01:00:53,589 --> 01:00:51,760
experiencing relative motion you're just

1697
01:00:55,910 --> 01:00:53,599
sucking space time in and out the back

1698
01:00:57,349 --> 01:00:55,920
as a war so your watch looks the same as

1699
01:00:59,349 --> 01:00:57,359
anybody else's background earth's watch

1700
01:01:01,190 --> 01:00:59,359
unless you're moving yourself normally

1701
01:01:02,390 --> 01:01:01,200
too you could be moving while you turn

1702
01:01:04,549 --> 01:01:02,400
one of these on and still get some of

1703
01:01:06,470 --> 01:01:04,559
that time dilation but this object

1704
01:01:08,230 --> 01:01:06,480
doesn't work by you moving it works by

1705
01:01:08,950 --> 01:01:08,240
moving space underneath you use a wall

1706
01:01:11,589 --> 01:01:08,960
no

1707
01:01:14,390 --> 01:01:11,599
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes but that's

1708
01:01:16,789 --> 01:01:14,400
not what i'm uh actually asking

1709
01:01:20,230 --> 01:01:16,799
what i am what i'm suggesting here is

1710
01:01:23,349 --> 01:01:20,240
that in like a tv show like the orville

1711
01:01:25,510 --> 01:01:23,359
where they jump up uh and and and

1712
01:01:28,150 --> 01:01:25,520
they're they're not using a warp drive

1713
01:01:30,789 --> 01:01:28,160
they're they're using speed

1714
01:01:32,470 --> 01:01:30,799
right and so by doing this time after

1715
01:01:33,829 --> 01:01:32,480
time after time when they come back to

1716
01:01:36,069 --> 01:01:33,839
visit earth

1717
01:01:38,069 --> 01:01:36,079
it's is that a misrepresentation that

1718
01:01:40,069 --> 01:01:38,079
earth is still on the same timeline

1719
01:01:41,750 --> 01:01:40,079
after they're out there running around

1720
01:01:43,589 --> 01:01:41,760
at the speed of light

1721
01:01:44,789 --> 01:01:43,599
uh well if they're moving around the

1722
01:01:46,630 --> 01:01:44,799
speed of light they won't actually be

1723
01:01:47,990 --> 01:01:46,640
experiencing time at all but if they're

1724
01:01:49,589 --> 01:01:48,000
moving really close to speed of light

1725
01:01:51,589 --> 01:01:49,599
that's the usual case where it slows

1726
01:01:53,270 --> 01:01:51,599
down if they're actually moving fast and

1727
01:01:54,309 --> 01:01:53,280
light it's not they're going to come out

1728
01:01:55,990 --> 01:01:54,319
in earth's future they're going to come

1729
01:01:57,750 --> 01:01:56,000
out earth's past that's just how that

1730
01:01:59,349 --> 01:01:57,760
works out anytime you're going faster

1731
01:02:01,589 --> 01:01:59,359
light for real actually going through

1732
01:02:03,510 --> 01:02:01,599
space faster than light as opposed to

1733
01:02:05,030 --> 01:02:03,520
warp drives or wormhole methods you're

1734
01:02:07,510 --> 01:02:05,040
not going forward in time you're going

1735
01:02:09,510 --> 01:02:07,520
backward in time okay so now back to the

1736
01:02:10,950 --> 01:02:09,520
warp drive

1737
01:02:16,470 --> 01:02:10,960
the

1738
01:02:19,589 --> 01:02:16,480
that we are talking here

1739
01:02:21,750 --> 01:02:19,599
with the functional warp drive engine uh

1740
01:02:23,750 --> 01:02:21,760
let's uh let's take sirius b for

1741
01:02:26,150 --> 01:02:23,760
instance right or you know what let's

1742
01:02:29,109 --> 01:02:26,160
even go closer let's go to proxima

1743
01:02:30,870 --> 01:02:29,119
okay let's go to alpha centauri uh four

1744
01:02:32,630 --> 01:02:30,880
and a half light years away and that's

1745
01:02:33,589 --> 01:02:32,640
and we're going to use a warp drive for

1746
01:02:36,230 --> 01:02:33,599
that

1747
01:02:39,589 --> 01:02:36,240
um the speed of light is four and a half

1748
01:02:41,190 --> 01:02:39,599
years right we know this right yep okay

1749
01:02:44,710 --> 01:02:41,200
warp drive

1750
01:02:46,069 --> 01:02:44,720
from earth to alpha centauri

1751
01:02:47,910 --> 01:02:46,079
is how long

1752
01:02:49,349 --> 01:02:47,920
potentially a microsecond i mean it

1753
01:02:50,870 --> 01:02:49,359
depends on what you're looking at with

1754
01:02:52,789 --> 01:02:50,880
the model and how powerful the system

1755
01:02:54,230 --> 01:02:52,799
you're using is you can cross galaxies

1756
01:02:56,470 --> 01:02:54,240
in a second with the thing so you

1757
01:02:59,430 --> 01:02:56,480
wouldn't you wouldn't even know that you

1758
01:03:01,030 --> 01:02:59,440
traveled because the ship itself

1759
01:03:03,829 --> 01:03:01,040
i want to understand

1760
01:03:05,349 --> 01:03:03,839
isn't actually moving right

1761
01:03:07,190 --> 01:03:05,359
nope all you see in front of you is a

1762
01:03:09,030 --> 01:03:07,200
gigantic white field and behind you a

1763
01:03:10,549 --> 01:03:09,040
gigantic black field until it stops and

1764
01:03:13,030 --> 01:03:10,559
you're somewhere else

1765
01:03:19,430 --> 01:03:17,349
the time element the time travel element

1766
01:03:21,670 --> 01:03:19,440
of it does that come into play with a

1767
01:03:22,470 --> 01:03:21,680
warp drive no time travel with a warp

1768
01:03:23,510 --> 01:03:22,480
drive

1769
01:03:25,349 --> 01:03:23,520
although there are some ways you can

1770
01:03:27,190 --> 01:03:25,359
play with it to get a time travel effect

1771
01:03:28,710 --> 01:03:27,200
but by its default nature that's that's

1772
01:03:30,710 --> 01:03:28,720
what let's work is that it's not

1773
01:03:32,390 --> 01:03:30,720
screening out any of that so when we're

1774
01:03:34,470 --> 01:03:32,400
talking almost like a teleportation

1775
01:03:36,470 --> 01:03:34,480
system yes yes yes it's it's

1776
01:03:37,589 --> 01:03:36,480
mind-bending when we think about this in

1777
01:03:39,270 --> 01:03:37,599
concept

1778
01:03:41,829 --> 01:03:39,280
uh now

1779
01:03:44,549 --> 01:03:41,839
et let's talk about et an advanced

1780
01:03:47,750 --> 01:03:44,559
civilization out there if they have warp

1781
01:03:50,150 --> 01:03:47,760
drives and we're talking uh you know uh

1782
01:03:53,349 --> 01:03:50,160
the the size of the milky way which is

1783
01:03:55,910 --> 01:03:53,359
positively ginormous right we think it's

1784
01:03:57,270 --> 01:03:55,920
small it's not it's huge our solar

1785
01:04:00,710 --> 01:03:57,280
system is huge

1786
01:04:02,870 --> 01:04:00,720
but to travel across the milky way

1787
01:04:04,150 --> 01:04:02,880
with a warp drive

1788
01:04:05,670 --> 01:04:04,160
technically

1789
01:04:07,510 --> 01:04:05,680
in concept

1790
01:04:09,349 --> 01:04:07,520
is instant

1791
01:04:11,190 --> 01:04:09,359
close to it yeah but it's not just the

1792
01:04:12,710 --> 01:04:11,200
milky way it would be all the you know

1793
01:04:14,630 --> 01:04:12,720
all the universes see i was going to get

1794
01:04:16,710 --> 01:04:14,640
to that in a second okay that's my next

1795
01:04:18,390 --> 01:04:16,720
question

1796
01:04:21,029 --> 01:04:18,400
in that okay so

1797
01:04:21,910 --> 01:04:21,039
uh uh traveling across the milky way

1798
01:04:25,190 --> 01:04:21,920
would be

1799
01:04:28,230 --> 01:04:25,200
uh at an instant and so that removes any

1800
01:04:30,789 --> 01:04:28,240
of these uh conversations about how long

1801
01:04:32,710 --> 01:04:30,799
it would take and food and necessity you

1802
01:04:34,390 --> 01:04:32,720
know everything's worse than that yeah

1803
01:04:36,549 --> 01:04:34,400
right normally we say you grab every

1804
01:04:38,309 --> 01:04:36,559
stall you can along the way that's even

1805
01:04:40,710 --> 01:04:38,319
vaguely usable to you because it's

1806
01:04:41,829 --> 01:04:40,720
closer but if you've got a helicopter

1807
01:04:43,349 --> 01:04:41,839
over an area you're trying to pick the

1808
01:04:45,349 --> 01:04:43,359
best settlement you don't go for closest

1809
01:04:47,029 --> 01:04:45,359
you go for best right you got the entire

1810
01:04:48,710 --> 01:04:47,039
universe to pick from your colony is now

1811
01:04:50,230 --> 01:04:48,720
so it's not a sphere that expands from

1812
01:04:52,470 --> 01:04:50,240
your homeworld it's

1813
01:04:54,789 --> 01:04:52,480
you know wherever you find best

1814
01:04:59,190 --> 01:04:54,799
so technically

1815
01:05:02,069 --> 01:04:59,200
going from galaxy to galaxy or to the

1816
01:05:04,390 --> 01:05:02,079
fringes of the universe the same concept

1817
01:05:06,069 --> 01:05:04,400
applies instant

1818
01:05:08,230 --> 01:05:06,079
close to it yeah not quite instant but

1819
01:05:09,510 --> 01:05:08,240
very close to it would you have to do it

1820
01:05:11,190 --> 01:05:09,520
in stages

1821
01:05:13,750 --> 01:05:11,200
would you have to would you

1822
01:05:16,870 --> 01:05:13,760
yeah would you have to warp warp warp

1823
01:05:18,390 --> 01:05:16,880
you know uh go from uh uh

1824
01:05:20,230 --> 01:05:18,400
point to point

1825
01:05:21,750 --> 01:05:20,240
there are so many of the uncertainties

1826
01:05:23,349 --> 01:05:21,760
even on the mass side of this like one

1827
01:05:24,870 --> 01:05:23,359
of the versions that we think might work

1828
01:05:25,990 --> 01:05:24,880
would be where you're basically putting

1829
01:05:27,190 --> 01:05:26,000
down um

1830
01:05:28,710 --> 01:05:27,200
a feed line in front of you like a

1831
01:05:30,470 --> 01:05:28,720
railroad track and you actually have to

1832
01:05:31,510 --> 01:05:30,480
build that at sublight speed and that

1833
01:05:33,109 --> 01:05:31,520
might be the only way you could get to

1834
01:05:34,789 --> 01:05:33,119
walk basically building yourself this

1835
01:05:35,589 --> 01:05:34,799
track way of negative matter along the

1836
01:05:37,349 --> 01:05:35,599
way

1837
01:05:38,390 --> 01:05:37,359
in which case that goes right back to

1838
01:05:39,829 --> 01:05:38,400
the same thing it's great for

1839
01:05:41,670 --> 01:05:39,839
communicating like a wormhole it's great

1840
01:05:43,349 --> 01:05:41,680
for keeping an empire across the stars

1841
01:05:45,990 --> 01:05:43,359
intact right but it's not so great for

1842
01:05:48,549 --> 01:05:46,000
building one in the first place so

1843
01:05:50,789 --> 01:05:48,559
now that sounds too good to be true

1844
01:05:53,990 --> 01:05:50,799
right and concept it's it's just too

1845
01:05:56,390 --> 01:05:54,000
good to be true and it probably is

1846
01:05:58,549 --> 01:05:56,400
so there's got to be some some

1847
01:06:00,230 --> 01:05:58,559
you know a downside or two we're going

1848
01:06:01,029 --> 01:06:00,240
to get to that in a second

1849
01:06:03,109 --> 01:06:01,039
but

1850
01:06:05,510 --> 01:06:03,119
let's let's say

1851
01:06:08,230 --> 01:06:05,520
that this is possible

1852
01:06:09,109 --> 01:06:08,240
what about objects that would be in the

1853
01:06:10,950 --> 01:06:09,119
way

1854
01:06:13,589 --> 01:06:10,960
you're removing space but what if

1855
01:06:15,589 --> 01:06:13,599
there's a star in the way uh another

1856
01:06:18,309 --> 01:06:15,599
planet

1857
01:06:21,270 --> 01:06:18,319
you're gonna slam right into it right

1858
01:06:22,870 --> 01:06:21,280
you can't you can't cut that out yeah

1859
01:06:24,230 --> 01:06:22,880
and it's not just that you know those

1860
01:06:25,829 --> 01:06:24,240
things you're running into you've got

1861
01:06:27,589 --> 01:06:25,839
all that gas and other things along the

1862
01:06:29,270 --> 01:06:27,599
way that you're slamming into as well

1863
01:06:31,430 --> 01:06:29,280
although that's kind of least your

1864
01:06:33,430 --> 01:06:31,440
problems in a case like this because the

1865
01:06:37,910 --> 01:06:33,440
ship's engine itself ought to kill you

1866
01:06:39,829 --> 01:06:37,920
the moment you turn it on but okay so

1867
01:06:43,829 --> 01:06:39,839
yeah

1868
01:06:45,670 --> 01:06:43,839
is there a is calling it an engine a

1869
01:06:49,029 --> 01:06:45,680
warp drive engine

1870
01:06:51,109 --> 01:06:49,039
is that a correct use of the term

1871
01:06:52,549 --> 01:06:51,119
well i suppose i mean it's it's kind of

1872
01:06:54,390 --> 01:06:52,559
debatable if you think there's an engine

1873
01:06:56,230 --> 01:06:54,400
for moving space time around then yeah

1874
01:06:58,150 --> 01:06:56,240
but warp drives the usual thing so

1875
01:07:01,270 --> 01:06:58,160
that's probably more accurate right and

1876
01:07:04,230 --> 01:07:01,280
so with with this with a warp drive ship

1877
01:07:06,390 --> 01:07:04,240
you would also have auxiliary engines

1878
01:07:08,230 --> 01:07:06,400
right you would have traditional

1879
01:07:10,390 --> 01:07:08,240
chemical engines because you would have

1880
01:07:11,589 --> 01:07:10,400
to still move you'd have to dock you

1881
01:07:13,430 --> 01:07:11,599
would have to

1882
01:07:15,270 --> 01:07:13,440
you know right

1883
01:07:16,870 --> 01:07:15,280
probably i mean if you were really good

1884
01:07:18,390 --> 01:07:16,880
with it i suppose you could but i'm not

1885
01:07:20,309 --> 01:07:18,400
sure anyone want you document their

1886
01:07:21,990 --> 01:07:20,319
space station by warping space time

1887
01:07:24,069 --> 01:07:22,000
right next to them so probably you need

1888
01:07:26,470 --> 01:07:24,079
conventional engines so what happens at

1889
01:07:28,789 --> 01:07:26,480
the other end

1890
01:07:29,910 --> 01:07:28,799
what happens when you arrive

1891
01:07:31,750 --> 01:07:29,920
assuming you weren't killed in the

1892
01:07:33,589 --> 01:07:31,760
process of using it you should just pop

1893
01:07:35,670 --> 01:07:33,599
out of space no well i shouldn't say pop

1894
01:07:37,589 --> 01:07:35,680
out of space you should just stop moving

1895
01:07:41,990 --> 01:07:37,599
as it were but do you turn it off and

1896
01:07:43,349 --> 01:07:42,000
there you are do you just appear

1897
01:07:44,630 --> 01:07:43,359
you would seem to yeah i mean because

1898
01:07:46,230 --> 01:07:44,640
you're going fast in life from the

1899
01:07:47,349 --> 01:07:46,240
perspective of anyone watching you

1900
01:07:49,670 --> 01:07:47,359
you're just gonna

1901
01:07:52,309 --> 01:07:49,680
pop right out of space at war now

1902
01:07:55,109 --> 01:07:52,319
what happens to you and i when we just

1903
01:07:55,870 --> 01:07:55,119
appear do we slam into the window in

1904
01:07:58,150 --> 01:07:55,880
front of us

1905
01:08:00,230 --> 01:07:58,160
[Laughter]

1906
01:08:01,829 --> 01:08:00,240
not quite now what would happen is all

1907
01:08:03,349 --> 01:08:01,839
that light that you emitted normally

1908
01:08:05,190 --> 01:08:03,359
along the way is going to eventually

1909
01:08:06,870 --> 01:08:05,200
catch back up to you so they'll see a

1910
01:08:08,390 --> 01:08:06,880
ghost image as it were following you in

1911
01:08:10,150 --> 01:08:08,400
when you arrive but they'll see you

1912
01:08:12,309 --> 01:08:10,160
arrive before your light got there so to

1913
01:08:14,150 --> 01:08:12,319
see that first you turn off and all of a

1914
01:08:16,470 --> 01:08:14,160
sudden they'll see you arrive

1915
01:08:17,669 --> 01:08:16,480
um things are more complicated on the

1916
01:08:19,510 --> 01:08:17,679
inside of that and there's also the

1917
01:08:21,430 --> 01:08:19,520
possibility that you might blow up their

1918
01:08:23,910 --> 01:08:21,440
solar system when you arrive too now

1919
01:08:28,070 --> 01:08:23,920
describe what the ship would actually be

1920
01:08:29,510 --> 01:08:28,080
is it is it enveloped is it in a cocoon

1921
01:08:31,430 --> 01:08:29,520
the usual thought is that you go for a

1922
01:08:33,510 --> 01:08:31,440
spherical bubble because the biggest

1923
01:08:35,669 --> 01:08:33,520
problem with these things from a mass

1924
01:08:38,390 --> 01:08:35,679
standpoint is trying to keep this really

1925
01:08:40,470 --> 01:08:38,400
stable perfectly stable field because if

1926
01:08:41,590 --> 01:08:40,480
it's not totally homogeneous you're

1927
01:08:43,030 --> 01:08:41,600
gonna have bits and pieces of yourself

1928
01:08:43,990 --> 01:08:43,040
maybe at different rates that's that's

1929
01:08:45,749 --> 01:08:44,000
not good

1930
01:08:47,829 --> 01:08:45,759
uh so you wanna like a perfect spherical

1931
01:08:50,550 --> 01:08:47,839
bubble if you can or perhaps an

1932
01:08:52,229 --> 01:08:50,560
ellipsoid um

1933
01:08:53,910 --> 01:08:52,239
and so that that does tend to give that

1934
01:08:55,590 --> 01:08:53,920
that shape that we often see when we

1935
01:08:57,829 --> 01:08:55,600
look at uh always rendering these where

1936
01:08:59,030 --> 01:08:57,839
they got the big uh big cylinder around

1937
01:09:00,709 --> 01:08:59,040
that kind of thing

1938
01:09:03,110 --> 01:09:00,719
um on the inside though the ship could

1939
01:09:04,789 --> 01:09:03,120
be shaped however you want um though you

1940
01:09:06,309 --> 01:09:04,799
want to be really sure whatever you're

1941
01:09:07,269 --> 01:09:06,319
building that ship as that's not doing

1942
01:09:09,269 --> 01:09:07,279
anything that's going to mess with the

1943
01:09:11,430 --> 01:09:09,279
geometry of that field anything messed

1944
01:09:12,630 --> 01:09:11,440
with geometry that field you are dead

1945
01:09:16,149 --> 01:09:12,640
assuming you weren't killed again the

1946
01:09:19,749 --> 01:09:16,159
moment you turned it on well okay so

1947
01:09:21,189 --> 01:09:19,759
at that kind of um and and speed is the

1948
01:09:23,829 --> 01:09:21,199
wrong

1949
01:09:24,950 --> 01:09:23,839
description here for the audience but

1950
01:09:28,149 --> 01:09:24,960
let's say

1951
01:09:31,430 --> 01:09:28,159
let's use energy uh uh

1952
01:09:33,829 --> 01:09:31,440
to do that to travel

1953
01:09:36,070 --> 01:09:33,839
that amount of distance i would only

1954
01:09:38,550 --> 01:09:36,080
assume like anything else

1955
01:09:40,950 --> 01:09:38,560
uh physics has to come into play we have

1956
01:09:43,110 --> 01:09:40,960
thermal considerations too

1957
01:09:45,829 --> 01:09:43,120
and if you're inside of a bubble you

1958
01:09:49,269 --> 01:09:45,839
would have to have the most massive air

1959
01:09:50,390 --> 01:09:49,279
conditioner known to man uh-huh

1960
01:09:52,149 --> 01:09:50,400
theoretically you'd need something to

1961
01:09:53,910 --> 01:09:52,159
get rid of that energy as though you

1962
01:09:55,669 --> 01:09:53,920
were inside a stall

1963
01:09:56,950 --> 01:09:55,679
right i mean that's and that's exactly

1964
01:09:58,870 --> 01:09:56,960
the problem with these things is that

1965
01:10:00,870 --> 01:09:58,880
that white hole in front of you is just

1966
01:10:02,709 --> 01:10:00,880
nothing but raw energy coming out you

1967
01:10:05,510 --> 01:10:02,719
and there's no way to block that you're

1968
01:10:07,270 --> 01:10:05,520
compressing space time in front of you

1969
01:10:09,510 --> 01:10:07,280
and that's causing everything in front

1970
01:10:10,709 --> 01:10:09,520
of you to blue shift like crazy

1971
01:10:12,630 --> 01:10:10,719
and so

1972
01:10:14,149 --> 01:10:12,640
much we said like when red shifted light

1973
01:10:15,990 --> 01:10:14,159
for cosmic background radiation keeps

1974
01:10:17,510 --> 01:10:16,000
getting weaker behind you that's kind of

1975
01:10:18,709 --> 01:10:17,520
what's happening in front of you

1976
01:10:20,470 --> 01:10:18,719
everything's going the other way it's

1977
01:10:22,709 --> 01:10:20,480
blue shifting it's getting way more

1978
01:10:24,709 --> 01:10:22,719
potent and powerful and slamming into

1979
01:10:26,070 --> 01:10:24,719
you right all that energy is hitting you

1980
01:10:27,189 --> 01:10:26,080
right now you would have to pass through

1981
01:10:28,790 --> 01:10:27,199
normally

1982
01:10:30,630 --> 01:10:28,800
and that's just one of the many ways

1983
01:10:31,990 --> 01:10:30,640
that thing can kind of cook you

1984
01:10:33,430 --> 01:10:32,000
uh the other problem is that you

1985
01:10:35,030 --> 01:10:33,440
probably need to involve enough energy

1986
01:10:36,470 --> 01:10:35,040
on something like this i mean it's

1987
01:10:37,669 --> 01:10:36,480
debatable we're not really sure how much

1988
01:10:39,910 --> 01:10:37,679
energy you need for this they've been

1989
01:10:41,430 --> 01:10:39,920
debatable models most the original ones

1990
01:10:43,590 --> 01:10:41,440
that looked at this idea because it's

1991
01:10:45,910 --> 01:10:43,600
been kicked around before uh before el

1992
01:10:47,110 --> 01:10:45,920
cubio did it but usually the assumption

1993
01:10:49,669 --> 01:10:47,120
there was that you need to be working

1994
01:10:50,630 --> 01:10:49,679
with at least planetary masses for a

1995
01:10:52,470 --> 01:10:50,640
ship

1996
01:10:53,990 --> 01:10:52,480
uh they've gotten versions of this that

1997
01:10:56,310 --> 01:10:54,000
work on paper that might only require

1998
01:10:58,229 --> 01:10:56,320
maybe a ton of negative matter

1999
01:11:00,310 --> 01:10:58,239
and so that's the other problem there

2000
01:11:01,830 --> 01:11:00,320
all these things very energy-intensive

2001
01:11:03,350 --> 01:11:01,840
and there's usually not a cheat for that

2002
01:11:05,510 --> 01:11:03,360
the universe is

2003
01:11:07,350 --> 01:11:05,520
really touchy about uh violin energy

2004
01:11:08,390 --> 01:11:07,360
conservation except if it's approved of

2005
01:11:12,709 --> 01:11:08,400
ways

2006
01:11:14,950 --> 01:11:12,719
well it's totally and if we which were

2007
01:11:17,030 --> 01:11:14,960
you know when we get into the quantum

2008
01:11:19,189 --> 01:11:17,040
side of this uh

2009
01:11:20,390 --> 01:11:19,199
all of it it not only mechanics and

2010
01:11:22,229 --> 01:11:20,400
theory but

2011
01:11:25,350 --> 01:11:22,239
uh entanglement

2012
01:11:27,030 --> 01:11:25,360
if you're traveling those vast distances

2013
01:11:28,630 --> 01:11:27,040
of of

2014
01:11:30,070 --> 01:11:28,640
space you're covering those fast

2015
01:11:33,030 --> 01:11:30,080
distances

2016
01:11:35,270 --> 01:11:33,040
what happens to the entanglement of

2017
01:11:37,910 --> 01:11:35,280
things that are around you how about the

2018
01:11:40,790 --> 01:11:37,920
entanglement of your own body

2019
01:11:42,310 --> 01:11:40,800
does that come into play do you overheat

2020
01:11:43,590 --> 01:11:42,320
do you dissolve

2021
01:11:44,709 --> 01:11:43,600
i mean what happened absolutely will

2022
01:11:45,990 --> 01:11:44,719
from all the radiation in you but

2023
01:11:48,070 --> 01:11:46,000
remember i said a moment ago the

2024
01:11:50,229 --> 01:11:48,080
geometry that bubble has to be perfect

2025
01:11:52,229 --> 01:11:50,239
right um it's the same kind of idea as

2026
01:11:54,470 --> 01:11:52,239
what happens with a black hole if that

2027
01:11:56,950 --> 01:11:54,480
force on you is not homogeneous uniform

2028
01:11:58,390 --> 01:11:56,960
the same everywhere right um if that

2029
01:12:00,310 --> 01:11:58,400
space time is being warped a little bit

2030
01:12:02,070 --> 01:12:00,320
different by your finger than your head

2031
01:12:03,830 --> 01:12:02,080
when that little difference is

2032
01:12:06,630 --> 01:12:03,840
light years of distance you're gonna get

2033
01:12:08,790 --> 01:12:06,640
obliterated even by the tiniest tiniest

2034
01:12:09,910 --> 01:12:08,800
little lack of homogeneity about that

2035
01:12:13,510 --> 01:12:09,920
field

2036
01:12:16,790 --> 01:12:13,520
did does the entanglement uh

2037
01:12:18,550 --> 01:12:16,800
possibly go away i mean okay

2038
01:12:19,990 --> 01:12:18,560
you can tangle somebody so they actually

2039
01:12:22,149 --> 01:12:20,000
would stay together when you got them

2040
01:12:24,070 --> 01:12:22,159
there um that's kind of a teleportation

2041
01:12:25,990 --> 01:12:24,080
notion but you've got a black hole

2042
01:12:28,790 --> 01:12:26,000
behind you

2043
01:12:30,950 --> 01:12:28,800
well say a black hole because that's

2044
01:12:32,229 --> 01:12:30,960
more or less the same concept but

2045
01:12:33,669 --> 01:12:32,239
you can't see anything behind you

2046
01:12:35,030 --> 01:12:33,679
because the light can't reach you i mean

2047
01:12:36,790 --> 01:12:35,040
you're running away from that light

2048
01:12:39,189 --> 01:12:36,800
fasten that lights covering the distance

2049
01:12:40,390 --> 01:12:39,199
behind you and thus you see nothing when

2050
01:12:42,950 --> 01:12:40,400
you turn one of these on everything

2051
01:12:44,070 --> 01:12:42,960
behind you goes dead black because none

2052
01:12:45,430 --> 01:12:44,080
of the light can reach you from behind

2053
01:12:47,270 --> 01:12:45,440
you anymore you're moving away from it

2054
01:12:49,110 --> 01:12:47,280
too quickly uh and everything in front

2055
01:12:50,550 --> 01:12:49,120
of you gets compressed because all that

2056
01:12:51,990 --> 01:12:50,560
light's ramming into you now that we

2057
01:12:54,149 --> 01:12:52,000
would have taken a much longer time to

2058
01:12:57,189 --> 01:12:54,159
have reached and it's all super super

2059
01:12:59,270 --> 01:12:57,199
blue shifted and what about uh going

2060
01:13:01,750 --> 01:12:59,280
back to entangled if you've got a black

2061
01:13:04,390 --> 01:13:01,760
hole behind you certainly there are

2062
01:13:07,270 --> 01:13:04,400
entangled particles inside of this

2063
01:13:09,030 --> 01:13:07,280
sphere maybe even inside of your body

2064
01:13:10,870 --> 01:13:09,040
that are getting sucked into the black

2065
01:13:12,149 --> 01:13:10,880
hole the other half of these entangled

2066
01:13:14,070 --> 01:13:12,159
particles

2067
01:13:15,350 --> 01:13:14,080
uh with a virtual particle pair wasn't a

2068
01:13:17,750 --> 01:13:15,360
case like that

2069
01:13:20,390 --> 01:13:17,760
yes anytime you have an event horizon

2070
01:13:21,990 --> 01:13:20,400
and it's a tricky thing with uh with the

2071
01:13:23,270 --> 01:13:22,000
hockey radios or things like that folks

2072
01:13:24,790 --> 01:13:23,280
think it's the black hole that's

2073
01:13:26,310 --> 01:13:24,800
producing these that that's not quite

2074
01:13:28,149 --> 01:13:26,320
what's happening these things are

2075
01:13:30,310 --> 01:13:28,159
popping up all the time this insane

2076
01:13:31,990 --> 01:13:30,320
amount of uh virtual particles this is

2077
01:13:33,590 --> 01:13:32,000
normally the pairs that model back into

2078
01:13:35,189 --> 01:13:33,600
each other and self-destruct

2079
01:13:37,510 --> 01:13:35,199
if you have a big enough difference in

2080
01:13:39,350 --> 01:13:37,520
the force in some tiny little atomic

2081
01:13:41,270 --> 01:13:39,360
space like that it can rip those

2082
01:13:42,550 --> 01:13:41,280
particles apart to use the virtual

2083
01:13:44,229 --> 01:13:42,560
particle analogy which is a little

2084
01:13:46,470 --> 01:13:44,239
dubious at times right but it can rip

2085
01:13:47,270 --> 01:13:46,480
those apart so that event horizon behind

2086
01:13:49,110 --> 01:13:47,280
you

2087
01:13:51,750 --> 01:13:49,120
might be spewing out insane amounts of

2088
01:13:54,149 --> 01:13:51,760
radiation as well

2089
01:13:56,070 --> 01:13:54,159
they would have to because they were

2090
01:13:59,510 --> 01:13:56,080
entangled before technically they're

2091
01:14:02,229 --> 01:13:59,520
still entangled if they change then what

2092
01:14:05,189 --> 01:14:02,239
is with you is changing

2093
01:14:07,110 --> 01:14:05,199
right right inside the bubble

2094
01:14:08,550 --> 01:14:07,120
whether you got the um it's always that

2095
01:14:10,630 --> 01:14:08,560
conservation of energy issue with these

2096
01:14:12,070 --> 01:14:10,640
uh going to the to the wormhole example

2097
01:14:13,350 --> 01:14:12,080
a quick common thing that people say

2098
01:14:14,870 --> 01:14:13,360
with the wormhole is well we can use

2099
01:14:16,709 --> 01:14:14,880
that to make a perpetual motion machine

2100
01:14:18,630 --> 01:14:16,719
right i take one end of the wormhole and

2101
01:14:20,310 --> 01:14:18,640
stick it up in the air so an object

2102
01:14:21,669 --> 01:14:20,320
falls down from the one thing follows

2103
01:14:23,189 --> 01:14:21,679
into the other end of the mouth of that

2104
01:14:24,870 --> 01:14:23,199
one hole comes back out the top and

2105
01:14:26,070 --> 01:14:24,880
picks up more speed but when you

2106
01:14:27,270 --> 01:14:26,080
actually run the math on that it

2107
01:14:29,510 --> 01:14:27,280
actually won't

2108
01:14:32,070 --> 01:14:29,520
if you do the math on the wormholes the

2109
01:14:33,830 --> 01:14:32,080
ball falls down hits the bottom and

2110
01:14:35,590 --> 01:14:33,840
slows back on its way up just as though

2111
01:14:37,189 --> 01:14:35,600
you were lifting it back up again

2112
01:14:39,430 --> 01:14:37,199
so there is that conservation of energy

2113
01:14:41,030 --> 01:14:39,440
issue and there's that other problem

2114
01:14:42,550 --> 01:14:41,040
with warp drives almost everything

2115
01:14:44,229 --> 01:14:42,560
involving them would tend to require you

2116
01:14:46,149 --> 01:14:44,239
to have some kind of infinite amount of

2117
01:14:47,669 --> 01:14:46,159
energy it seems like a singularity

2118
01:14:48,709 --> 01:14:47,679
requires an infinite amount of energy to

2119
01:14:51,430 --> 01:14:48,719
escape

2120
01:14:53,590 --> 01:14:51,440
and that's okay on paper although that's

2121
01:14:54,870 --> 01:14:53,600
actually problematic on people too but

2122
01:14:56,390 --> 01:14:54,880
where's that infinite amount of energy

2123
01:14:59,350 --> 01:14:56,400
coming from

2124
01:15:01,590 --> 01:14:59,360
is there a way to overcome all of this

2125
01:15:03,270 --> 01:15:01,600
like i said it's it's just too good to

2126
01:15:07,590 --> 01:15:03,280
be true that you would

2127
01:15:10,390 --> 01:15:07,600
literally flip a switch and you go from

2128
01:15:11,910 --> 01:15:10,400
uh one galaxy to the next in an instant

2129
01:15:14,470 --> 01:15:11,920
you don't have time travel you don't

2130
01:15:16,070 --> 01:15:14,480
have food issues you know

2131
01:15:18,310 --> 01:15:16,080
everything is just taken off the table

2132
01:15:20,390 --> 01:15:18,320
you just arrive instantly

2133
01:15:23,030 --> 01:15:20,400
uh it's too good to be true

2134
01:15:24,550 --> 01:15:23,040
with this other stuff where it looks

2135
01:15:26,790 --> 01:15:24,560
sounds to me

2136
01:15:29,430 --> 01:15:26,800
like if you flip the switch

2137
01:15:31,830 --> 01:15:29,440
you may go but you're going to arrive as

2138
01:15:33,270 --> 01:15:31,840
a piece of charcoal

2139
01:15:34,709 --> 01:15:33,280
you should be completely atomized in the

2140
01:15:36,310 --> 01:15:34,719
past

2141
01:15:37,270 --> 01:15:36,320
i would say i mean we don't we don't

2142
01:15:38,950 --> 01:15:37,280
want to rule it out because it's too

2143
01:15:40,870 --> 01:15:38,960
good to be true many of the technologies

2144
01:15:42,870 --> 01:15:40,880
we've invented to our ancestors would be

2145
01:15:44,470 --> 01:15:42,880
too good to be true and yet we have them

2146
01:15:45,270 --> 01:15:44,480
anyway the ability to talk to someone on

2147
01:15:47,510 --> 01:15:45,280
the other side of the planet

2148
01:15:48,709 --> 01:15:47,520
instantaneously that seems too good to

2149
01:15:51,910 --> 01:15:48,719
be true

2150
01:15:53,669 --> 01:15:51,920
but it is we got it so we can't say it's

2151
01:15:55,430 --> 01:15:53,679
too good to be true so it's impossible

2152
01:15:57,110 --> 01:15:55,440
but at the same time we also have no way

2153
01:15:59,910 --> 01:15:57,120
to figure out how we could do it just

2154
01:16:02,310 --> 01:15:59,920
yet we've got it on paper as an idea we

2155
01:16:04,310 --> 01:16:02,320
might be able to get working but there

2156
01:16:05,350 --> 01:16:04,320
usually has to be something that uh

2157
01:16:07,350 --> 01:16:05,360
there's a couple different ways it could

2158
01:16:09,350 --> 01:16:07,360
be made to work if you can find one of

2159
01:16:10,390 --> 01:16:09,360
these impossible materials or possible

2160
01:16:13,110 --> 01:16:10,400
methods

2161
01:16:16,390 --> 01:16:13,120
but until we actually have one of those

2162
01:16:18,070 --> 01:16:16,400
we can't make it work uh and if we get

2163
01:16:18,870 --> 01:16:18,080
any of those though almost no matter

2164
01:16:20,709 --> 01:16:18,880
what you do you're gonna have a

2165
01:16:23,030 --> 01:16:20,719
technology that's too good to be true

2166
01:16:24,709 --> 01:16:23,040
that actually works it doesn't matter if

2167
01:16:26,149 --> 01:16:24,719
you can get a warp drive to walk almost

2168
01:16:26,950 --> 01:16:26,159
any of the technologies associated to

2169
01:16:29,270 --> 01:16:26,960
that

2170
01:16:30,550 --> 01:16:29,280
are going to be amazingly awesome

2171
01:16:31,910 --> 01:16:30,560
could you

2172
01:16:34,470 --> 01:16:31,920
uh

2173
01:16:36,310 --> 01:16:34,480
in nasa's concepts of this

2174
01:16:37,350 --> 01:16:36,320
are we talking about something that

2175
01:16:40,229 --> 01:16:37,360
could be

2176
01:16:42,630 --> 01:16:40,239
uh you know like a cubesat you know some

2177
01:16:45,189 --> 01:16:42,640
uh small version of this

2178
01:16:48,070 --> 01:16:45,199
that would uh you know be put up by

2179
01:16:50,790 --> 01:16:48,080
spacex or whatever and and and in low

2180
01:16:53,910 --> 01:16:50,800
earth orbit and then turn around and and

2181
01:16:56,790 --> 01:16:53,920
go to alpha centauri and return but it

2182
01:16:57,510 --> 01:16:56,800
would be the size of a toaster

2183
01:17:00,470 --> 01:16:57,520
or

2184
01:17:02,390 --> 01:17:00,480
is that not

2185
01:17:04,390 --> 01:17:02,400
conceptually that couldn't be possible

2186
01:17:07,590 --> 01:17:04,400
because of the energy sources that would

2187
01:17:09,030 --> 01:17:07,600
be needed how would you prove it

2188
01:17:10,709 --> 01:17:09,040
you have to actually make one of things

2189
01:17:12,310 --> 01:17:10,719
work it's i mean maybe you could do it

2190
01:17:13,910 --> 01:17:12,320
inside a lab but just a tiny amount of

2191
01:17:15,750 --> 01:17:13,920
negative matter if you find some and

2192
01:17:17,270 --> 01:17:15,760
just get the thing to move from one side

2193
01:17:18,870 --> 01:17:17,280
of the lab to the other

2194
01:17:20,149 --> 01:17:18,880
um and that's one thing we play around

2195
01:17:21,430 --> 01:17:20,159
with a lot of times when we're doing

2196
01:17:22,950 --> 01:17:21,440
quantum entanglement or other things to

2197
01:17:25,030 --> 01:17:22,960
see whether or not you can actually do

2198
01:17:27,510 --> 01:17:25,040
things fast and light you do a very tiny

2199
01:17:28,390 --> 01:17:27,520
thing that requires versus your energy

2200
01:17:29,750 --> 01:17:28,400
first

2201
01:17:31,830 --> 01:17:29,760
but there's a possibility that there was

2202
01:17:33,110 --> 01:17:31,840
a real minimum size on these and i i

2203
01:17:34,630 --> 01:17:33,120
think i mentioned that we've seen

2204
01:17:37,110 --> 01:17:34,640
versions that might let you be as little

2205
01:17:39,270 --> 01:17:37,120
as a ton which is a not a spaceship to

2206
01:17:40,630 --> 01:17:39,280
make right uh but other ones back in the

2207
01:17:42,709 --> 01:17:40,640
day we always say well you want a warm

2208
01:17:44,310 --> 01:17:42,719
hole you need something that outmasters

2209
01:17:46,390 --> 01:17:44,320
the sun to begin with which makes it

2210
01:17:47,750 --> 01:17:46,400
kind of useless for traveling around

2211
01:17:51,270 --> 01:17:47,760
solar systems

2212
01:17:52,390 --> 01:17:51,280
now if you yeah right exactly um

2213
01:17:53,270 --> 01:17:52,400
so

2214
01:17:57,510 --> 01:17:53,280
we

2215
01:17:59,189 --> 01:17:57,520
centauri it's four and a half light

2216
01:18:02,149 --> 01:17:59,199
years away

2217
01:18:04,870 --> 01:18:02,159
how do we

2218
01:18:06,550 --> 01:18:04,880
let earth know that we arrived because

2219
01:18:08,709 --> 01:18:06,560
communication is a whole different

2220
01:18:11,669 --> 01:18:08,719
matter you can't warp you can't warp

2221
01:18:13,430 --> 01:18:11,679
drive voices or can you

2222
01:18:14,470 --> 01:18:13,440
you can't uh you need that machine it's

2223
01:18:15,910 --> 01:18:14,480
kind of like one of those science

2224
01:18:17,669 --> 01:18:15,920
fiction ones where you can't communicate

2225
01:18:19,750 --> 01:18:17,679
by a beam you gotta go there and talk to

2226
01:18:21,830 --> 01:18:19,760
them the old-fashioned way so you'd warp

2227
01:18:23,669 --> 01:18:21,840
there and then you had to warp back or

2228
01:18:24,790 --> 01:18:23,679
send a signal back to them no your first

2229
01:18:26,149 --> 01:18:24,800
probe might be one of those things where

2230
01:18:27,510 --> 01:18:26,159
you sent it and it's a one-way trip

2231
01:18:29,189 --> 01:18:27,520
because you don't know how to you can't

2232
01:18:30,470 --> 01:18:29,199
automate to come back and you have to

2233
01:18:31,830 --> 01:18:30,480
wait four and a half years to find out

2234
01:18:32,790 --> 01:18:31,840
if it worked

2235
01:18:34,070 --> 01:18:32,800
um

2236
01:18:35,270 --> 01:18:34,080
and it might be a good deal longer than

2237
01:18:37,830 --> 01:18:35,280
that because i'd imagine a prototype

2238
01:18:39,350 --> 01:18:37,840
would be very hard to actually aim

2239
01:18:41,110 --> 01:18:39,360
so that's what you would do you would

2240
01:18:44,070 --> 01:18:41,120
warp drive back

2241
01:18:45,189 --> 01:18:44,080
an iphone with a recording on it we made

2242
01:18:47,110 --> 01:18:45,199
it

2243
01:18:48,870 --> 01:18:47,120
that would be the idea yeah you need a

2244
01:18:50,390 --> 01:18:48,880
smaller secondary drive you could send

2245
01:18:52,149 --> 01:18:50,400
back to let people know you derived or

2246
01:18:54,070 --> 01:18:52,159
you just jump there and jump back and

2247
01:18:56,070 --> 01:18:54,080
say look we succeeded with a recording

2248
01:18:58,070 --> 01:18:56,080
obviously let me know you succeeded if

2249
01:19:01,270 --> 01:18:58,080
uh what's that what's the biggest

2250
01:19:03,830 --> 01:19:01,280
obstacle here is it is it heat is it

2251
01:19:05,750 --> 01:19:03,840
cooking ourselves um and it seems like

2252
01:19:08,149 --> 01:19:05,760
there would be a way around that but for

2253
01:19:10,550 --> 01:19:08,159
you what's the biggest obstacle with the

2254
01:19:12,630 --> 01:19:10,560
reality of warp drive i mean into the

2255
01:19:14,870 --> 01:19:12,640
story for both wormholes and warp drives

2256
01:19:16,709 --> 01:19:14,880
is you need negative matter of energy

2257
01:19:17,990 --> 01:19:16,719
and not not like they often put in tops

2258
01:19:19,350 --> 01:19:18,000
of articles to say we've discovered

2259
01:19:21,590 --> 01:19:19,360
negative energy even though they found

2260
01:19:23,669 --> 01:19:21,600
something that acts like it from a

2261
01:19:24,630 --> 01:19:23,679
chemical point of view it's not actually

2262
01:19:26,630 --> 01:19:24,640
holding any of the properties of

2263
01:19:28,229 --> 01:19:26,640
negative matter or energy

2264
01:19:29,990 --> 01:19:28,239
uh even with things like the cashmere

2265
01:19:32,550 --> 01:19:30,000
effect that's only a relative negative

2266
01:19:34,709 --> 01:19:32,560
it's like on math you'd say well

2267
01:19:36,709 --> 01:19:34,719
i'm at a net loss this year even though

2268
01:19:38,709 --> 01:19:36,719
i brought in a lot of revenue that's an

2269
01:19:40,390 --> 01:19:38,719
accounting negative you still brought in

2270
01:19:42,390 --> 01:19:40,400
a positive amount of revenue

2271
01:19:44,070 --> 01:19:42,400
um a lot of times we say negative energy

2272
01:19:45,910 --> 01:19:44,080
that's what we mean it's negative only

2273
01:19:47,910 --> 01:19:45,920
relative to something else

2274
01:19:50,390 --> 01:19:47,920
if you can get a single particle of

2275
01:19:52,070 --> 01:19:50,400
negative matter just one that would tell

2276
01:19:54,070 --> 01:19:52,080
us that this is probably possible to do

2277
01:19:55,669 --> 01:19:54,080
in some fashion and even if that one

2278
01:19:57,910 --> 01:19:55,679
still turns out not to be possible from

2279
01:20:00,229 --> 01:19:57,920
a pragmatical angle any negative matter

2280
01:20:02,950 --> 01:20:00,239
suddenly becomes insanely useful as

2281
01:20:04,950 --> 01:20:02,960
something we can make if we can make it

2282
01:20:06,630 --> 01:20:04,960
um but that's the big obstacle for

2283
01:20:07,510 --> 01:20:06,640
anything seems to be possible you have

2284
01:20:09,430 --> 01:20:07,520
to have

2285
01:20:13,990 --> 01:20:09,440
negative matter or energy

2286
01:20:17,110 --> 01:20:14,000
the the warping of space uh is is easy

2287
01:20:19,430 --> 01:20:17,120
to visually represent with a planet or a

2288
01:20:21,910 --> 01:20:19,440
star we've all seen the grid that you

2289
01:20:23,910 --> 01:20:21,920
know that bends around it and and that

2290
01:20:27,590 --> 01:20:23,920
example if that's a visual

2291
01:20:28,950 --> 01:20:27,600
but with a warp drive to bend space in

2292
01:20:31,110 --> 01:20:28,960
front of you

2293
01:20:33,990 --> 01:20:31,120
uh that you would have to have that kind

2294
01:20:36,390 --> 01:20:34,000
of mass unless i'm misunderstanding the

2295
01:20:38,149 --> 01:20:36,400
the concept here you would have to have

2296
01:20:40,149 --> 01:20:38,159
something in front of you with a

2297
01:20:42,950 --> 01:20:40,159
suggested mass

2298
01:20:43,750 --> 01:20:42,960
to to bend that space or to remove it

2299
01:20:45,510 --> 01:20:43,760
right

2300
01:20:47,030 --> 01:20:45,520
or that amount of energy fundamentally

2301
01:20:48,870 --> 01:20:47,040
it's energy not mass that's doing the

2302
01:20:51,430 --> 01:20:48,880
compression but yeah and then the mass

2303
01:20:53,189 --> 01:20:51,440
is a very dense form of energy um you

2304
01:20:54,950 --> 01:20:53,199
have to have that all that to pull that

2305
01:20:56,070 --> 01:20:54,960
off and most of the ways around that are

2306
01:20:57,910 --> 01:20:56,080
trying to figure out how you could do it

2307
01:20:59,350 --> 01:20:57,920
just a tiny little bit of it because if

2308
01:21:02,149 --> 01:20:59,360
a little bit can sometimes be just

2309
01:21:03,750 --> 01:21:02,159
enough but if i wanted to warp space in

2310
01:21:04,630 --> 01:21:03,760
a significant fashion normally i need

2311
01:21:06,630 --> 01:21:04,640
something

2312
01:21:09,270 --> 01:21:06,640
much more massive than the star that was

2313
01:21:10,709 --> 01:21:09,280
you know compressing space a lot

2314
01:21:12,470 --> 01:21:10,719
and we can see that compression effect

2315
01:21:14,149 --> 01:21:12,480
all that gravitational lensing we use in

2316
01:21:16,149 --> 01:21:14,159
astronomy that's that's this effect in

2317
01:21:18,070 --> 01:21:16,159
action the warp drive is about you know

2318
01:21:20,310 --> 01:21:18,080
do that uh without having to carry

2319
01:21:21,510 --> 01:21:20,320
around you know a galaxy's worth of

2320
01:21:23,510 --> 01:21:21,520
matter in front of you which doesn't

2321
01:21:25,110 --> 01:21:23,520
make for a good spaceship

2322
01:21:26,790 --> 01:21:25,120
let's take a break right here that's

2323
01:21:28,550 --> 01:21:26,800
actually the best way to put it let's

2324
01:21:30,149 --> 01:21:28,560
take a break right here this is fade to

2325
01:21:32,229 --> 01:21:30,159
black i am your host jimmy church i

2326
01:21:34,630 --> 01:21:32,239
guess tonight isaac arthur we are

2327
01:21:36,630 --> 01:21:34,640
talking a clark tech i'm not done with

2328
01:21:38,229 --> 01:21:36,640
warp drives uh we're gonna have to come

2329
01:21:39,669 --> 01:21:38,239
back and pick up where we're leaving off

2330
01:21:42,070 --> 01:21:39,679
right now this is fade to black i'm

2331
01:21:42,720 --> 01:21:42,080
yours jimmy church stay with us we'll be

2332
01:21:54,870 --> 01:21:42,730
right back

2333
01:21:56,390 --> 01:21:54,880
[Music]

2334
01:21:57,910 --> 01:21:56,400
welcome back fade to block i'm your host

2335
01:22:00,070 --> 01:21:57,920
jimmy church our guest tonight isaac

2336
01:22:04,070 --> 01:22:00,080
arthur tomorrow night

2337
01:22:06,390 --> 01:22:04,080
jason quit with his new drone footage

2338
01:22:07,990 --> 01:22:06,400
from italy we will be discussing that

2339
01:22:09,590 --> 01:22:08,000
tomorrow night thursday night is another

2340
01:22:11,830 --> 01:22:09,600
fader night with open lines all night

2341
01:22:15,189 --> 01:22:11,840
long tonight it's isaac arthur isaac

2342
01:22:17,990 --> 01:22:15,199
discussing uh wormholes and and warp

2343
01:22:20,149 --> 01:22:18,000
drives as i paint these pictures in my

2344
01:22:25,030 --> 01:22:20,159
mind about what we're talking about here

2345
01:22:26,950 --> 01:22:25,040
i see a lot of similarities in that

2346
01:22:29,270 --> 01:22:26,960
with a wormhole you need to construct

2347
01:22:31,350 --> 01:22:29,280
out in front of you with the warp drive

2348
01:22:33,189 --> 01:22:31,360
you are also doing something in front of

2349
01:22:34,950 --> 01:22:33,199
you removing space

2350
01:22:37,110 --> 01:22:34,960
to move forward

2351
01:22:40,629 --> 01:22:37,120
and and you have to do something in back

2352
01:22:41,510 --> 01:22:40,639
of you in both cases as well

2353
01:22:43,750 --> 01:22:41,520
and

2354
01:22:46,709 --> 01:22:43,760
there is uh

2355
01:22:50,950 --> 01:22:46,719
no time travel or time dilation

2356
01:22:53,510 --> 01:22:50,960
or speed of light that is in both cases

2357
01:22:55,990 --> 01:22:53,520
are they that similar are we

2358
01:22:58,950 --> 01:22:56,000
and if you were a betting man

2359
01:23:00,870 --> 01:22:58,960
which one would happen first

2360
01:23:02,149 --> 01:23:00,880
hmm they are actually that similar i

2361
01:23:04,229 --> 01:23:02,159
mean they're not quite the identical

2362
01:23:07,030 --> 01:23:04,239
concept but they run on that same basic

2363
01:23:09,590 --> 01:23:07,040
principle but um i would actually tend

2364
01:23:11,510 --> 01:23:09,600
to favor the wormhole idea but probably

2365
01:23:13,510 --> 01:23:11,520
not a wormhole inside of our universe

2366
01:23:15,189 --> 01:23:13,520
probably one to a different uh different

2367
01:23:17,350 --> 01:23:15,199
universe

2368
01:23:19,270 --> 01:23:17,360
yeah i see my money would be on warp

2369
01:23:25,030 --> 01:23:19,280
drive

2370
01:23:28,470 --> 01:23:25,040
the burn to a crisp aspect of it

2371
01:23:29,189 --> 01:23:28,480
um i see as uh something that we could i

2372
01:23:31,350 --> 01:23:29,199
mean

2373
01:23:32,229 --> 01:23:31,360
that we could overcome that

2374
01:23:36,550 --> 01:23:32,239
and

2375
01:23:38,709 --> 01:23:36,560
the uh

2376
01:23:40,790 --> 01:23:38,719
uh different uh theories that have been

2377
01:23:42,870 --> 01:23:40,800
applied to the warp drive that just

2378
01:23:45,189 --> 01:23:42,880
absolutely makes it impossible and

2379
01:23:47,990 --> 01:23:45,199
there's many we haven't touched upon

2380
01:23:50,709 --> 01:23:48,000
uh other aspects of it but i would say

2381
01:23:52,070 --> 01:23:50,719
that uh the warp drive is is very

2382
01:23:53,750 --> 01:23:52,080
achievable

2383
01:23:55,510 --> 01:23:53,760
it seems like it's magical in terms of

2384
01:23:57,270 --> 01:23:55,520
little bits and pieces each one of which

2385
01:23:58,870 --> 01:23:57,280
is hard to deal with but maybe if you

2386
01:24:00,629 --> 01:23:58,880
just be you know beat that one you can

2387
01:24:02,870 --> 01:24:00,639
beat the next one and so on yeah from

2388
01:24:04,950 --> 01:24:02,880
that perspective that would seem to make

2389
01:24:06,310 --> 01:24:04,960
it more plausible in some ways whereas

2390
01:24:07,350 --> 01:24:06,320
the warm horse seems like something

2391
01:24:09,270 --> 01:24:07,360
where

2392
01:24:10,790 --> 01:24:09,280
you either get to walk or you don't

2393
01:24:13,189 --> 01:24:10,800
now are we

2394
01:24:17,270 --> 01:24:13,199
let's get into the physics aspect of

2395
01:24:19,750 --> 01:24:17,280
this are we violating anything um

2396
01:24:22,310 --> 01:24:19,760
in the natural aspect of things uh

2397
01:24:25,669 --> 01:24:22,320
physically you and i if we were

2398
01:24:28,629 --> 01:24:25,679
traveling in a warp drive equipped ship

2399
01:24:30,149 --> 01:24:28,639
uh would we change physically is there

2400
01:24:32,629 --> 01:24:30,159
something that we're messing with with

2401
01:24:34,709 --> 01:24:32,639
nature or are we staying on the good

2402
01:24:35,830 --> 01:24:34,719
side of the fence in in the laws of

2403
01:24:38,229 --> 01:24:35,840
physics

2404
01:24:40,310 --> 01:24:38,239
as best as we can tell yes that's what's

2405
01:24:42,550 --> 01:24:40,320
cool about the system it doesn't violate

2406
01:24:45,510 --> 01:24:42,560
any known laws of physics other than

2407
01:24:47,270 --> 01:24:45,520
arguably energy conservation and um

2408
01:24:48,470 --> 01:24:47,280
having material that probably doesn't

2409
01:24:50,390 --> 01:24:48,480
exist

2410
01:24:52,709 --> 01:24:50,400
um such as

2411
01:24:53,830 --> 01:24:52,719
the negative matter we have i mean

2412
01:24:55,270 --> 01:24:53,840
we don't know for sure how negative

2413
01:24:56,709 --> 01:24:55,280
metal would act so it might be really

2414
01:24:57,830 --> 01:24:56,719
hard to find the stuff since it's not

2415
01:24:59,510 --> 01:24:57,840
gonna you know it's not going to clump

2416
01:25:01,350 --> 01:24:59,520
up anywhere it permits negative

2417
01:25:03,270 --> 01:25:01,360
gravity's at war but uh

2418
01:25:05,270 --> 01:25:03,280
we don't have any of this stuff and we

2419
01:25:07,430 --> 01:25:05,280
have no real reason to think that we do

2420
01:25:09,669 --> 01:25:07,440
off of math and

2421
01:25:11,510 --> 01:25:09,679
math is great but you always want that

2422
01:25:13,430 --> 01:25:11,520
empirical evidence it's so easy with

2423
01:25:15,270 --> 01:25:13,440
math or logic to predict things and say

2424
01:25:16,950 --> 01:25:15,280
oh that has to be so

2425
01:25:17,990 --> 01:25:16,960
but until you've actually got a chunk of

2426
01:25:19,590 --> 01:25:18,000
the stuff

2427
01:25:20,709 --> 01:25:19,600
it all really is is fundamentally

2428
01:25:23,030 --> 01:25:20,719
speculation

2429
01:25:24,790 --> 01:25:23,040
very well uh you know well calculated

2430
01:25:26,390 --> 01:25:24,800
speculation but that's still what it is

2431
01:25:28,629 --> 01:25:26,400
you need that empirical proof that

2432
01:25:30,629 --> 01:25:28,639
you've got it and so you need that one

2433
01:25:33,270 --> 01:25:30,639
atom of negative matter

2434
01:25:34,629 --> 01:25:33,280
now uh is negative matter the same as

2435
01:25:35,830 --> 01:25:34,639
antimatter

2436
01:25:37,430 --> 01:25:35,840
no no

2437
01:25:38,709 --> 01:25:37,440
antimatter you've got all over the place

2438
01:25:40,229 --> 01:25:38,719
in fact every time you eat a banana

2439
01:25:41,669 --> 01:25:40,239
you've got some antimatter involved

2440
01:25:44,149 --> 01:25:41,679
because that's how that potassium

2441
01:25:45,189 --> 01:25:44,159
radiation is generated as a beta decay

2442
01:25:47,430 --> 01:25:45,199
um

2443
01:25:49,510 --> 01:25:47,440
antimatter is for something for some

2444
01:25:50,709 --> 01:25:49,520
reason we're not sure about was created

2445
01:25:52,709 --> 01:25:50,719
in much smaller amounts when the

2446
01:25:53,990 --> 01:25:52,719
universe was formed or not actually much

2447
01:25:55,590 --> 01:25:54,000
smaller amounts enough that everything

2448
01:25:58,070 --> 01:25:55,600
else got obliterated

2449
01:25:59,430 --> 01:25:58,080
except it left over some uh regular

2450
01:26:01,750 --> 01:25:59,440
matters of war

2451
01:26:03,350 --> 01:26:01,760
and the name antimatters in some ways a

2452
01:26:05,030 --> 01:26:03,360
really bad name because it implies

2453
01:26:07,189 --> 01:26:05,040
something kind of uh negative or

2454
01:26:10,709 --> 01:26:07,199
reversed when it's really just a less

2455
01:26:14,229 --> 01:26:10,719
common type of metal probably locally

2456
01:26:16,229 --> 01:26:14,239
with uh negative mass isn't

2457
01:26:19,510 --> 01:26:16,239
isn't there an equal amount of negative

2458
01:26:21,030 --> 01:26:19,520
mass with regular mass in the universe

2459
01:26:22,550 --> 01:26:21,040
well that would be a thought that's been

2460
01:26:24,790 --> 01:26:22,560
kicked around that the total amount of

2461
01:26:27,270 --> 01:26:24,800
energy in the universe might be exactly

2462
01:26:28,550 --> 01:26:27,280
zero right um and that's actually been

2463
01:26:30,310 --> 01:26:28,560
thought about with things like uh

2464
01:26:32,390 --> 01:26:30,320
anti-matter too that like

2465
01:26:34,390 --> 01:26:32,400
we don't know if the if the universe or

2466
01:26:36,390 --> 01:26:34,400
you know has a net charge if it actually

2467
01:26:38,470 --> 01:26:36,400
has more positive than negative charges

2468
01:26:39,669 --> 01:26:38,480
it might but it looks like it probably

2469
01:26:41,830 --> 01:26:39,679
doesn't and we can always say that

2470
01:26:43,510 --> 01:26:41,840
because we don't see any overt signs

2471
01:26:45,910 --> 01:26:43,520
that there's an imbalance but it could

2472
01:26:47,350 --> 01:26:45,920
be off by a few electrons even and the

2473
01:26:49,669 --> 01:26:47,360
question is why are we assuming that

2474
01:26:51,990 --> 01:26:49,679
it's exactly even and with this example

2475
01:26:53,189 --> 01:26:52,000
of antimatter as best as we can tell

2476
01:26:54,470 --> 01:26:53,199
when the universe formed there should

2477
01:26:57,030 --> 01:26:54,480
have been an equal number of all of

2478
01:26:59,510 --> 01:26:57,040
these particles regular and antimatter

2479
01:27:00,629 --> 01:26:59,520
but uh there wasn't

2480
01:27:02,310 --> 01:27:00,639
maybe there are other chunks of the

2481
01:27:03,590 --> 01:27:02,320
universe we can't see where antimatter

2482
01:27:05,270 --> 01:27:03,600
is the more common and we just got all

2483
01:27:06,470 --> 01:27:05,280
the metal locally that was of that

2484
01:27:08,870 --> 01:27:06,480
variety

2485
01:27:11,430 --> 01:27:08,880
but that's an example of an imbalance

2486
01:27:12,629 --> 01:27:11,440
there was more of this than that when we

2487
01:27:13,590 --> 01:27:12,639
would guess that they'd be the same

2488
01:27:15,270 --> 01:27:13,600
amount

2489
01:27:16,950 --> 01:27:15,280
and so with something like negative

2490
01:27:19,189 --> 01:27:16,960
metal maybe a very tiny amount of it was

2491
01:27:21,030 --> 01:27:19,199
made but we'd like to assume with a lot

2492
01:27:23,590 --> 01:27:21,040
of these ideas that it would be exactly

2493
01:27:25,910 --> 01:27:23,600
equal that they would all negate out

2494
01:27:28,149 --> 01:27:25,920
and that's kind of an example of logic

2495
01:27:30,550 --> 01:27:28,159
preceding evidence we figure it ought to

2496
01:27:32,790 --> 01:27:30,560
be net zero but where's the evidence to

2497
01:27:36,229 --> 01:27:32,800
back that up now

2498
01:27:38,709 --> 01:27:36,239
let's talk about the the concept of uh i

2499
01:27:41,350 --> 01:27:38,719
want to move on to uh time travel and

2500
01:27:45,110 --> 01:27:41,360
teleportation a couple of other subjects

2501
01:27:47,510 --> 01:27:45,120
but uh one of the obstacles that has

2502
01:27:50,950 --> 01:27:47,520
been brought up about the warp drive

2503
01:27:53,750 --> 01:27:50,960
is now we all understand and and i've

2504
01:27:55,910 --> 01:27:53,760
heard of absolute zero right and in the

2505
01:27:58,709 --> 01:27:55,920
vacuum of space and that's really really

2506
01:27:59,430 --> 01:27:58,719
cold right well it's the ultimate cold

2507
01:28:02,629 --> 01:27:59,440
it's

2508
01:28:04,229 --> 01:28:02,639
anyway

2509
01:28:07,830 --> 01:28:04,239
it's really cold

2510
01:28:09,590 --> 01:28:07,840
but then we have the concept of absolute

2511
01:28:10,950 --> 01:28:09,600
hot

2512
01:28:11,750 --> 01:28:10,960
okay

2513
01:28:14,229 --> 01:28:11,760
let's

2514
01:28:18,070 --> 01:28:14,239
what is absolute hot most people haven't

2515
01:28:19,910 --> 01:28:18,080
heard uh uh of this uh before what is

2516
01:28:21,750 --> 01:28:19,920
absolute hot

2517
01:28:23,270 --> 01:28:21,760
well we were talking about plank scale

2518
01:28:24,950 --> 01:28:23,280
which is like the planck time of the

2519
01:28:28,070 --> 01:28:24,960
plank length and these are very tiny

2520
01:28:29,189 --> 01:28:28,080
things and uh not all the plank units uh

2521
01:28:31,990 --> 01:28:29,199
these are fundamental things you put

2522
01:28:33,830 --> 01:28:32,000
together from the physical constants um

2523
01:28:35,270 --> 01:28:33,840
not all of those are actually small like

2524
01:28:37,030 --> 01:28:35,280
a plank mass is actually about a

2525
01:28:39,430 --> 01:28:37,040
microgram some really impressive one way

2526
01:28:42,229 --> 01:28:39,440
or another but a plank temperature

2527
01:28:43,910 --> 01:28:42,239
is the maximum temperature you can have

2528
01:28:46,149 --> 01:28:43,920
and we think above that all the physics

2529
01:28:48,629 --> 01:28:46,159
would break down that we have going on

2530
01:28:51,510 --> 01:28:48,639
a plank temperature is

2531
01:28:53,030 --> 01:28:51,520
like a trillion trillion million degrees

2532
01:28:55,110 --> 01:28:53,040
something along those lines it's it's a

2533
01:28:57,110 --> 01:28:55,120
very very large number even compared to

2534
01:28:58,790 --> 01:28:57,120
the insides of stars

2535
01:29:00,310 --> 01:28:58,800
and we think that that might be the

2536
01:29:02,310 --> 01:29:00,320
temperature of the universe was when it

2537
01:29:03,830 --> 01:29:02,320
first got spawned

2538
01:29:04,950 --> 01:29:03,840
nothing should be able to exceed that

2539
01:29:07,350 --> 01:29:04,960
temperature

2540
01:29:08,310 --> 01:29:07,360
and that's one of those quantum things

2541
01:29:09,189 --> 01:29:08,320
where

2542
01:29:10,870 --> 01:29:09,199
we were saying earlier about

2543
01:29:13,030 --> 01:29:10,880
singularities and you can't divide by

2544
01:29:15,430 --> 01:29:13,040
zero the universe doesn't seem to like

2545
01:29:16,950 --> 01:29:15,440
the number zero or the number infinity

2546
01:29:19,110 --> 01:29:16,960
so it doesn't really seem to present us

2547
01:29:21,189 --> 01:29:19,120
examples of that there are limits to how

2548
01:29:22,550 --> 01:29:21,199
much you can cut things in half

2549
01:29:24,950 --> 01:29:22,560
um you know there are limits to how

2550
01:29:26,310 --> 01:29:24,960
small you can make an object uh and

2551
01:29:29,270 --> 01:29:26,320
indeed that is that planck length or

2552
01:29:30,709 --> 01:29:29,280
that planck time if you make something

2553
01:29:32,229 --> 01:29:30,719
down to the planck length it's pretty

2554
01:29:33,270 --> 01:29:32,239
much automatically going to be a black

2555
01:29:35,189 --> 01:29:33,280
hole

2556
01:29:36,709 --> 01:29:35,199
uh if it's got any energy in it at all

2557
01:29:38,470 --> 01:29:36,719
in terms of like photons anything that

2558
01:29:39,990 --> 01:29:38,480
can be that small

2559
01:29:41,830 --> 01:29:40,000
has to be so energetic it would be a

2560
01:29:43,110 --> 01:29:41,840
black hole at that size plant

2561
01:29:44,870 --> 01:29:43,120
temperature is the exact opposite it's

2562
01:29:46,550 --> 01:29:44,880
one of those maximums that would seem to

2563
01:29:47,910 --> 01:29:46,560
be imposed by nature that you can't

2564
01:29:49,830 --> 01:29:47,920
exceed this temperature that there is no

2565
01:29:51,350 --> 01:29:49,840
infinite temperature but that that's an

2566
01:29:54,070 --> 01:29:51,360
actual maximum

2567
01:29:56,870 --> 01:29:54,080
and one of the dangers of uh

2568
01:29:58,790 --> 01:29:56,880
using a warp drive would be the

2569
01:30:00,229 --> 01:29:58,800
possibility of

2570
01:30:01,430 --> 01:30:00,239
achieving

2571
01:30:03,510 --> 01:30:01,440
uh

2572
01:30:05,590 --> 01:30:03,520
that scale of hot

2573
01:30:06,870 --> 01:30:05,600
right right in front of you probably

2574
01:30:08,550 --> 01:30:06,880
that's one of those problems you have

2575
01:30:10,950 --> 01:30:08,560
with things like white holes that might

2576
01:30:11,830 --> 01:30:10,960
very easily be what temperature they are

2577
01:30:14,470 --> 01:30:11,840
and

2578
01:30:19,430 --> 01:30:14,480
how would you

2579
01:30:21,189 --> 01:30:19,440
i you know how do you overcome standing

2580
01:30:22,149 --> 01:30:21,199
next to a nuclear bomb when it goes off

2581
01:30:23,830 --> 01:30:22,159
right um

2582
01:30:27,030 --> 01:30:23,840
and this is much worse than a nuclear

2583
01:30:28,790 --> 01:30:27,040
bomb i'm much much worse you know

2584
01:30:30,310 --> 01:30:28,800
and so you say well i've got this this

2585
01:30:33,030 --> 01:30:30,320
really powerful energy source in front

2586
01:30:34,870 --> 01:30:33,040
of me i'll just bounce it away

2587
01:30:36,390 --> 01:30:34,880
how i'm not sure how you would do that

2588
01:30:38,149 --> 01:30:36,400
it's it's a it's just like standing in

2589
01:30:39,350 --> 01:30:38,159
the middle of the bag actually it is

2590
01:30:40,310 --> 01:30:39,360
literally standing in the middle of the

2591
01:30:43,669 --> 01:30:40,320
big bang

2592
01:30:47,189 --> 01:30:43,679
right and so absolute hot if if if we

2593
01:30:49,270 --> 01:30:47,199
get to that point then everything ceases

2594
01:30:51,270 --> 01:30:49,280
to exist

2595
01:30:53,350 --> 01:30:51,280
right everything breaks down

2596
01:30:55,590 --> 01:30:53,360
well or something new pops up i mean

2597
01:30:57,990 --> 01:30:55,600
again big bang

2598
01:31:00,830 --> 01:30:58,000
right right right right

2599
01:31:04,149 --> 01:31:00,840
yeah okay all right absolute hot i've

2600
01:31:07,510 --> 01:31:04,159
i've been looking into that lately

2601
01:31:10,390 --> 01:31:07,520
and again it's it's when we talk about

2602
01:31:12,870 --> 01:31:10,400
you know uh the surface of mercury or

2603
01:31:14,870 --> 01:31:12,880
the the surface temperature of the sun

2604
01:31:16,709 --> 01:31:14,880
or you know these extreme things that

2605
01:31:19,750 --> 01:31:16,719
peanuts and companions right right

2606
01:31:23,189 --> 01:31:19,760
because we wrestle with that heat

2607
01:31:25,270 --> 01:31:23,199
right in our mind about how great of a

2608
01:31:27,750 --> 01:31:25,280
temperature that actually is

2609
01:31:30,310 --> 01:31:27,760
well when we go to absolute hot it's

2610
01:31:32,950 --> 01:31:30,320
just like talking about ice cubes and

2611
01:31:36,790 --> 01:31:32,960
then going to absolute zero

2612
01:31:40,310 --> 01:31:36,800
that is uh that is a crazy number of

2613
01:31:42,470 --> 01:31:40,320
cold well we have the same extreme with

2614
01:31:46,550 --> 01:31:42,480
absolute hot

2615
01:31:49,430 --> 01:31:46,560
and it is a mind-numbing number of of of

2616
01:31:50,950 --> 01:31:49,440
heat of degrees my numbing how many how

2617
01:31:53,270 --> 01:31:50,960
many zeros

2618
01:31:54,709 --> 01:31:53,280
like 30 of them i think yeah maybe 32

2619
01:31:57,030 --> 01:31:54,719
it's it's a huge number of zeros

2620
01:31:59,030 --> 01:31:57,040
trillion trillion trillion roughly

2621
01:32:00,709 --> 01:31:59,040
and um you know it's it's interesting

2622
01:32:02,229 --> 01:32:00,719
you can't quite get to absolute zero

2623
01:32:03,750 --> 01:32:02,239
that's what we have as a theory right

2624
01:32:05,590 --> 01:32:03,760
now is there's a minimum temperature you

2625
01:32:06,550 --> 01:32:05,600
can get to it's real close but not quite

2626
01:32:08,070 --> 01:32:06,560
there

2627
01:32:09,430 --> 01:32:08,080
and uh this is the other kind of the

2628
01:32:11,030 --> 01:32:09,440
side thing how close can you get to

2629
01:32:13,189 --> 01:32:11,040
infinity well you can't get really all

2630
01:32:15,350 --> 01:32:13,199
that close because you're never close to

2631
01:32:16,709 --> 01:32:15,360
infinity but this does look like as much

2632
01:32:17,990 --> 01:32:16,719
as you're going to get

2633
01:32:19,669 --> 01:32:18,000
and against one of those problems that

2634
01:32:22,229 --> 01:32:19,679
pops up when we work on these things on

2635
01:32:24,310 --> 01:32:22,239
on paper uh we can see infinities and

2636
01:32:25,110 --> 01:32:24,320
zeros on paper we can calculate around

2637
01:32:27,110 --> 01:32:25,120
them

2638
01:32:29,350 --> 01:32:27,120
but um usually the universe doesn't

2639
01:32:32,709 --> 01:32:29,360
actually let us have those

2640
01:32:35,270 --> 01:32:32,719
is is something like a supernova or some

2641
01:32:37,030 --> 01:32:35,280
extreme explosion out there that you

2642
01:32:39,030 --> 01:32:37,040
know the brightest things that are out

2643
01:32:41,750 --> 01:32:39,040
there in the universe are are those

2644
01:32:44,390 --> 01:32:41,760
achieving absolute hot

2645
01:32:45,910 --> 01:32:44,400
no not even close uh they might be doing

2646
01:32:47,430 --> 01:32:45,920
so afterwards when the supernova

2647
01:32:49,669 --> 01:32:47,440
collapse into a black hole because

2648
01:32:51,750 --> 01:32:49,679
that's probably assuming for the moment

2649
01:32:53,510 --> 01:32:51,760
that there is no singularity no actual

2650
01:32:55,030 --> 01:32:53,520
point-like center of a black hole that

2651
01:32:57,110 --> 01:32:55,040
it just claps into something really

2652
01:32:59,430 --> 01:32:57,120
really tiny at the plank scale that

2653
01:33:02,310 --> 01:32:59,440
matter should be at plank temperature

2654
01:33:05,430 --> 01:33:02,320
incredible incredible i feel smarter

2655
01:33:09,350 --> 01:33:05,440
already okay let's let's move on to uh

2656
01:33:10,790 --> 01:33:09,360
uh let's do time travel and uh

2657
01:33:13,669 --> 01:33:10,800
right now

2658
01:33:15,750 --> 01:33:13,679
uh where is your head at

2659
01:33:18,070 --> 01:33:15,760
when it comes to time travel

2660
01:33:19,669 --> 01:33:18,080
i don't think it will ever be possible

2661
01:33:21,189 --> 01:33:19,679
why

2662
01:33:22,470 --> 01:33:21,199
fundamentally time travel was about

2663
01:33:24,149 --> 01:33:22,480
cause and effect and that that's the

2664
01:33:25,510 --> 01:33:24,159
same problem we have with ftl because it

2665
01:33:28,310 --> 01:33:25,520
always seems to allow you to violate

2666
01:33:30,390 --> 01:33:28,320
causality what causes things to happen

2667
01:33:32,870 --> 01:33:30,400
anytime you have time travel you you get

2668
01:33:34,310 --> 01:33:32,880
the the more obvious logical issues like

2669
01:33:36,070 --> 01:33:34,320
when you know what year is time travel

2670
01:33:38,229 --> 01:33:36,080
discovered every year simultaneously

2671
01:33:40,470 --> 01:33:38,239
because you can go to whatever you want

2672
01:33:41,910 --> 01:33:40,480
um if time travel were possible this

2673
01:33:43,110 --> 01:33:41,920
kind of a deductive back way if you

2674
01:33:44,790 --> 01:33:43,120
could actually make a practical time

2675
01:33:45,990 --> 01:33:44,800
travel somebody should have shown up

2676
01:33:47,910 --> 01:33:46,000
when the universe was brand new and

2677
01:33:48,950 --> 01:33:47,920
colonized the whole thing by now

2678
01:33:50,310 --> 01:33:48,960
um

2679
01:33:51,430 --> 01:33:50,320
but then there's the other aspect of

2680
01:33:53,430 --> 01:33:51,440
that is

2681
01:33:56,070 --> 01:33:53,440
you know either someone invents time

2682
01:33:57,669 --> 01:33:56,080
travel and they uh

2683
01:33:58,950 --> 01:33:57,679
they've only got the only working time

2684
01:34:00,229 --> 01:33:58,960
travel machine because they can go back

2685
01:34:02,070 --> 01:34:00,239
for anybody else would invent it and

2686
01:34:03,990 --> 01:34:02,080
keep them from doing it well you've got

2687
01:34:05,590 --> 01:34:04,000
everybody constantly doing it and then

2688
01:34:07,430 --> 01:34:05,600
there's the other aspect people look is

2689
01:34:09,590 --> 01:34:07,440
that conservation issue

2690
01:34:10,870 --> 01:34:09,600
what happens when i move myself back in

2691
01:34:12,870 --> 01:34:10,880
time

2692
01:34:14,709 --> 01:34:12,880
there's all that matter all those atoms

2693
01:34:18,310 --> 01:34:14,719
in me they're somewhere in the universe

2694
01:34:19,590 --> 01:34:18,320
already now they are there again how

2695
01:34:21,030 --> 01:34:19,600
does that work

2696
01:34:22,790 --> 01:34:21,040
the universe has a finite amount of

2697
01:34:24,790 --> 01:34:22,800
matter in it now it has finite number

2698
01:34:27,430 --> 01:34:24,800
plus some number of 100 kilograms

2699
01:34:29,510 --> 01:34:27,440
whatever it is but aren't you removed

2700
01:34:31,750 --> 01:34:29,520
from the future

2701
01:34:33,430 --> 01:34:31,760
doesn't it stay constant

2702
01:34:35,830 --> 01:34:33,440
well that would be a violation of

2703
01:34:38,470 --> 01:34:35,840
conservation of energy right i uh if i

2704
01:34:40,629 --> 01:34:38,480
jump back 100 years right as a physical

2705
01:34:42,790 --> 01:34:40,639
object i've moved backwards the universe

2706
01:34:45,430 --> 01:34:42,800
100 years ago is now 100 kilograms

2707
01:34:47,510 --> 01:34:45,440
heavier and the universe 100 years now

2708
01:34:48,470 --> 01:34:47,520
is 100 kilograms lighter that mass being

2709
01:34:54,709 --> 01:34:48,480
energy

2710
01:34:55,910 --> 01:34:54,719
and that doesn't necessarily mean that's

2711
01:34:57,590 --> 01:34:55,920
impossible we don't know that

2712
01:34:59,270 --> 01:34:57,600
conservation energy always has to be

2713
01:35:00,629 --> 01:34:59,280
preserved in fact for some reasons think

2714
01:35:02,229 --> 01:35:00,639
it might not be

2715
01:35:04,229 --> 01:35:02,239
but that would be an example of why it

2716
01:35:06,070 --> 01:35:04,239
might be impossible is simply because

2717
01:35:08,149 --> 01:35:06,080
there you go you you've

2718
01:35:11,750 --> 01:35:08,159
created or destroyed energy

2719
01:35:15,350 --> 01:35:11,760
the okay but that's okay that's one

2720
01:35:19,030 --> 01:35:15,360
version of time travel okay and and i

2721
01:35:21,350 --> 01:35:19,040
understand that concept and there is uh

2722
01:35:23,990 --> 01:35:21,360
uh another part of it that you didn't

2723
01:35:26,790 --> 01:35:24,000
touch upon where i talked to you know

2724
01:35:28,790 --> 01:35:26,800
very bright individuals where they're

2725
01:35:30,950 --> 01:35:28,800
uh referring to

2726
01:35:33,270 --> 01:35:30,960
uh you know a time machine aspect of

2727
01:35:35,270 --> 01:35:33,280
this where you're literally choosing the

2728
01:35:37,510 --> 01:35:35,280
time and you're going back

2729
01:35:38,950 --> 01:35:37,520
well then what happens to the rest of

2730
01:35:39,910 --> 01:35:38,960
the universe

2731
01:35:41,830 --> 01:35:39,920
right

2732
01:35:43,990 --> 01:35:41,840
is it that maybe it would get closed off

2733
01:35:45,350 --> 01:35:44,000
as a kind of with these event horizons

2734
01:35:47,110 --> 01:35:45,360
we always talk about with black holes

2735
01:35:48,550 --> 01:35:47,120
there are plenty of other event horizons

2736
01:35:50,709 --> 01:35:48,560
uh like the edge of the universe that's

2737
01:35:52,629 --> 01:35:50,719
absorbable you might find that any place

2738
01:35:54,310 --> 01:35:52,639
you were doing time traveling got its

2739
01:35:56,470 --> 01:35:54,320
own new event horizon around it kind of

2740
01:35:57,270 --> 01:35:56,480
closed itself off right

2741
01:35:59,430 --> 01:35:57,280
well

2742
01:36:01,510 --> 01:35:59,440
and so would the

2743
01:36:03,910 --> 01:36:01,520
okay let's say

2744
01:36:05,750 --> 01:36:03,920
we have a colony on mars i'm going to

2745
01:36:08,790 --> 01:36:05,760
keep this really simple we have a colony

2746
01:36:11,830 --> 01:36:08,800
on mars and you and i jump into our time

2747
01:36:14,470 --> 01:36:11,840
traveling phone booth right and we go

2748
01:36:17,430 --> 01:36:14,480
yes i made that reference i just did it

2749
01:36:20,790 --> 01:36:17,440
and and we jump in our time travel uh

2750
01:36:24,629 --> 01:36:20,800
phone booth and we go back in time

2751
01:36:27,270 --> 01:36:24,639
does mars go back in time are we

2752
01:36:29,030 --> 01:36:27,280
and what kind of energy are we actually

2753
01:36:33,590 --> 01:36:29,040
talking about here where we are

2754
01:36:35,350 --> 01:36:33,600
reversing the gears on everything

2755
01:36:36,950 --> 01:36:35,360
in most versions where you're going back

2756
01:36:38,470 --> 01:36:36,960
in time like that to actually do it

2757
01:36:39,669 --> 01:36:38,480
under known physics would acquire an

2758
01:36:41,350 --> 01:36:39,679
infinite amount of energy so you

2759
01:36:43,350 --> 01:36:41,360
couldn't do it right if you're popping

2760
01:36:44,950 --> 01:36:43,360
back those about mine whatever energy

2761
01:36:46,390 --> 01:36:44,960
you had in your body or whatever you're

2762
01:36:47,990 --> 01:36:46,400
moving back in time that's gonna get

2763
01:36:49,990 --> 01:36:48,000
transplanted which is quite a lot of

2764
01:36:51,669 --> 01:36:50,000
energy so it might be that if you want

2765
01:36:53,990 --> 01:36:51,679
to send somebody back in time you to pay

2766
01:36:55,270 --> 01:36:54,000
that energy bill which would be a very

2767
01:36:56,310 --> 01:36:55,280
large number

2768
01:36:57,830 --> 01:36:56,320
um

2769
01:36:59,830 --> 01:36:57,840
you know that whole equals mc squared

2770
01:37:01,430 --> 01:36:59,840
thing um the other is that you might be

2771
01:37:04,149 --> 01:37:01,440
able to create these kind of closed

2772
01:37:05,830 --> 01:37:04,159
loops um wherever you invented the time

2773
01:37:07,669 --> 01:37:05,840
machine and start that up you could

2774
01:37:09,750 --> 01:37:07,679
travel back in time only to the moment

2775
01:37:12,070 --> 01:37:09,760
when that was created that's kind of how

2776
01:37:14,470 --> 01:37:12,080
that works with wormholes you can make

2777
01:37:16,149 --> 01:37:14,480
two wormholes drag one end away give it

2778
01:37:18,149 --> 01:37:16,159
time dilation bring it back and there

2779
01:37:19,430 --> 01:37:18,159
you have a time machine but only goes

2780
01:37:20,950 --> 01:37:19,440
back to the moment that wormhole was

2781
01:37:22,550 --> 01:37:20,960
created

2782
01:37:23,830 --> 01:37:22,560
and we don't actually know what happened

2783
01:37:25,669 --> 01:37:23,840
at that point in time we just have some

2784
01:37:28,229 --> 01:37:25,679
guesses and one of those is the nokia

2785
01:37:30,709 --> 01:37:28,239
self-consistency principle which is that

2786
01:37:32,709 --> 01:37:30,719
you could change time but you're always

2787
01:37:34,470 --> 01:37:32,719
going to come back to the same

2788
01:37:37,590 --> 01:37:34,480
event to prevent all the things like

2789
01:37:39,189 --> 01:37:37,600
well i went back in time to save jfk but

2790
01:37:41,109 --> 01:37:39,199
then why did i go back and try to save

2791
01:37:43,270 --> 01:37:41,119
jfk if he never been shot

2792
01:37:46,070 --> 01:37:43,280
one way or another by the nokia self

2793
01:37:48,149 --> 01:37:46,080
consistency principle if that's true you

2794
01:37:50,070 --> 01:37:48,159
would always end up back in a moment

2795
01:37:51,430 --> 01:37:50,080
that caused you to do that that closed

2796
01:37:53,109 --> 01:37:51,440
loop is a war

2797
01:37:54,709 --> 01:37:53,119
which is

2798
01:37:56,870 --> 01:37:54,719
more science fiction than science is a

2799
01:37:58,070 --> 01:37:56,880
concept to be honest but it does you

2800
01:37:59,350 --> 01:37:58,080
know that's one of those logical

2801
01:38:00,470 --> 01:37:59,360
extractions

2802
01:38:02,709 --> 01:38:00,480
that doesn't necessarily mean you didn't

2803
01:38:04,149 --> 01:38:02,719
change time though it just means that it

2804
01:38:06,149 --> 01:38:04,159
always proceeds back to something that's

2805
01:38:07,830 --> 01:38:06,159
going to cause you to do that same event

2806
01:38:09,510 --> 01:38:07,840
it might be that

2807
01:38:11,109 --> 01:38:09,520
you went back and saved kenny but

2808
01:38:12,790 --> 01:38:11,119
something happens in your timeline that

2809
01:38:14,709 --> 01:38:12,800
makes you believe that he was actually

2810
01:38:16,470 --> 01:38:14,719
shot even though he wasn't so

2811
01:38:17,910 --> 01:38:16,480
delusionally you jump back in time to

2812
01:38:19,350 --> 01:38:17,920
save him even though he doesn't need

2813
01:38:21,990 --> 01:38:19,360
saving anymore

2814
01:38:25,350 --> 01:38:22,000
the the concept of time travel that i

2815
01:38:26,709 --> 01:38:25,360
that i wrestle with the most is

2816
01:38:31,109 --> 01:38:26,719
the the

2817
01:38:34,229 --> 01:38:31,119
going back in time is the uh is the

2818
01:38:37,270 --> 01:38:34,239
unachievable that's where things get

2819
01:38:40,310 --> 01:38:37,280
complicated that going to the future is

2820
01:38:43,270 --> 01:38:40,320
quite easy and einstein has uh

2821
01:38:45,910 --> 01:38:43,280
clearly said that okay i get that part

2822
01:38:47,590 --> 01:38:45,920
but what i am confused with is that the

2823
01:38:50,229 --> 01:38:47,600
past has happened

2824
01:38:52,149 --> 01:38:50,239
we know we know the past is there the

2825
01:38:56,229 --> 01:38:52,159
future hasn't happened

2826
01:38:58,470 --> 01:38:56,239
so that would be more complicated to me

2827
01:39:00,550 --> 01:38:58,480
uh

2828
01:39:01,910 --> 01:39:00,560
um we assume that there's an infinite

2829
01:39:04,550 --> 01:39:01,920
number of futures this war and that

2830
01:39:06,390 --> 01:39:04,560
there's just that one concrete past

2831
01:39:09,189 --> 01:39:06,400
but the same kind of reason it gives us

2832
01:39:12,390 --> 01:39:09,199
multiverses and multiple futures says

2833
01:39:13,669 --> 01:39:12,400
there's also possibly multiple paths

2834
01:39:15,430 --> 01:39:13,679
that uh you know there are many

2835
01:39:17,669 --> 01:39:15,440
different potential paths that would

2836
01:39:19,750 --> 01:39:17,679
result in this exact moment

2837
01:39:21,109 --> 01:39:19,760
and uh there's the other aspect of time

2838
01:39:23,030 --> 01:39:21,119
travel would say well if i jump back

2839
01:39:24,149 --> 01:39:23,040
there i'm only jumping back to a reality

2840
01:39:26,629 --> 01:39:24,159
that's very

2841
01:39:27,830 --> 01:39:26,639
similar to mine now it's a new universe

2842
01:39:29,189 --> 01:39:27,840
and of course if i just add a bunch of

2843
01:39:30,550 --> 01:39:29,199
energy to it it certainly is a new

2844
01:39:32,070 --> 01:39:30,560
universe it's not the same one it

2845
01:39:34,310 --> 01:39:32,080
doesn't have the same properties it's

2846
01:39:36,070 --> 01:39:34,320
got an extra amount of energy in it

2847
01:39:37,750 --> 01:39:36,080
and on those you're not traveling to a

2848
01:39:39,510 --> 01:39:37,760
different uh different part of your own

2849
01:39:41,590 --> 01:39:39,520
time you're just traveling to a universe

2850
01:39:44,310 --> 01:39:41,600
that's very much like yours

2851
01:39:46,790 --> 01:39:44,320
if you upset the amount of energy or the

2852
01:39:49,270 --> 01:39:46,800
amount of matter

2853
01:39:50,550 --> 01:39:49,280
and you tip that over what what would

2854
01:39:53,750 --> 01:39:50,560
happen

2855
01:39:56,310 --> 01:39:53,760
i mean do we just dissolve i mean do we

2856
01:39:57,830 --> 01:39:56,320
do we have a reversal big bang

2857
01:39:59,109 --> 01:39:57,840
that has been suggested that you might

2858
01:40:00,870 --> 01:39:59,119
actually cause one of those vacuum

2859
01:40:02,229 --> 01:40:00,880
fluctuations they talk about killing

2860
01:40:04,390 --> 01:40:02,239
everybody which is an interesting one

2861
01:40:05,750 --> 01:40:04,400
because that is not instantaneous that

2862
01:40:07,910 --> 01:40:05,760
would spread out what at the speed of

2863
01:40:10,229 --> 01:40:07,920
light we believe so you've you know you

2864
01:40:11,990 --> 01:40:10,239
create this uh doomsday scenario where

2865
01:40:13,990 --> 01:40:12,000
the universe is being destroyed at light

2866
01:40:15,590 --> 01:40:14,000
speed so somebody doing a galaxy right

2867
01:40:16,550 --> 01:40:15,600
now far away from us you know millions

2868
01:40:18,870 --> 01:40:16,560
of years from now the weight would

2869
01:40:20,629 --> 01:40:18,880
finally hit us right um but that's a

2870
01:40:22,470 --> 01:40:20,639
possibility that you might just unravel

2871
01:40:24,950 --> 01:40:22,480
that but then of course if you unravel

2872
01:40:27,030 --> 01:40:24,960
that universe uh by having done that

2873
01:40:28,149 --> 01:40:27,040
then how do you travel back there

2874
01:40:29,510 --> 01:40:28,159
because that universe doesn't exist

2875
01:40:30,550 --> 01:40:29,520
anymore to produce you to make that time

2876
01:40:31,990 --> 01:40:30,560
machine

2877
01:40:33,270 --> 01:40:32,000
and that's one of those

2878
01:40:35,189 --> 01:40:33,280
um

2879
01:40:37,189 --> 01:40:35,199
timey why me things i think to use the

2880
01:40:39,350 --> 01:40:37,199
uh phone box weapons

2881
01:40:41,189 --> 01:40:39,360
well see it doesn't make much sense and

2882
01:40:43,350 --> 01:40:41,199
and if there

2883
01:40:45,430 --> 01:40:43,360
uh is

2884
01:40:48,390 --> 01:40:45,440
the practice of these concepts that are

2885
01:40:51,109 --> 01:40:48,400
going down in another galaxy

2886
01:40:53,990 --> 01:40:51,119
another galaxy pick the number not the

2887
01:40:56,229 --> 01:40:54,000
milky way another galaxy where you've

2888
01:40:59,510 --> 01:40:56,239
got advanced civilizations messing

2889
01:41:02,229 --> 01:40:59,520
around with the fabric of space time

2890
01:41:06,950 --> 01:41:02,239
and our time traveling and dissolving

2891
01:41:09,430 --> 01:41:06,960
energy and and all of that and matter

2892
01:41:11,109 --> 01:41:09,440
would would that be something that would

2893
01:41:12,550 --> 01:41:11,119
affect us here

2894
01:41:13,830 --> 01:41:12,560
and we wouldn't understand what was

2895
01:41:15,510 --> 01:41:13,840
going on

2896
01:41:16,709 --> 01:41:15,520
possibly uh that's one of those things

2897
01:41:18,629 --> 01:41:16,719
where you know it just depends on how

2898
01:41:20,470 --> 01:41:18,639
the universe reacts to this it could be

2899
01:41:21,910 --> 01:41:20,480
that it's entirely possible to engage in

2900
01:41:23,669 --> 01:41:21,920
time travel and indeed there's nothing

2901
01:41:24,870 --> 01:41:23,679
banning under general relativity what's

2902
01:41:26,550 --> 01:41:24,880
violated which are not allowed to

2903
01:41:28,470 --> 01:41:26,560
violate is causality

2904
01:41:30,149 --> 01:41:28,480
uh cause and effect is what can't be

2905
01:41:32,310 --> 01:41:30,159
violated that just usually bans time

2906
01:41:33,669 --> 01:41:32,320
travel but it's possible that if you

2907
01:41:35,430 --> 01:41:33,679
start playing around with these things

2908
01:41:37,430 --> 01:41:35,440
you would create a event horizon around

2909
01:41:39,750 --> 01:41:37,440
yourself that would basically insulate

2910
01:41:40,950 --> 01:41:39,760
everybody else from you and again

2911
01:41:42,229 --> 01:41:40,960
there's not a lot of evidence to back

2912
01:41:43,350 --> 01:41:42,239
that up because there's not a lot of

2913
01:41:44,310 --> 01:41:43,360
evidence back any of the stuff up at

2914
01:41:45,270 --> 01:41:44,320
this time

2915
01:41:47,510 --> 01:41:45,280
but

2916
01:41:50,229 --> 01:41:47,520
um that is one of those situations that

2917
01:41:52,310 --> 01:41:50,239
happens um if you've got a universal

2918
01:41:54,629 --> 01:41:52,320
structure to prevent you from

2919
01:41:55,990 --> 01:41:54,639
filing causality it might be the time

2920
01:41:57,990 --> 01:41:56,000
travel is possible but every time

2921
01:42:00,229 --> 01:41:58,000
somebody's about to discover it they

2922
01:42:01,669 --> 01:42:00,239
essentially edit out that moment that

2923
01:42:03,830 --> 01:42:01,679
never happens they never actually get

2924
01:42:05,750 --> 01:42:03,840
around to discovering it because

2925
01:42:07,030 --> 01:42:05,760
things correct themselves instantly you

2926
01:42:08,470 --> 01:42:07,040
know you've got this thing where he

2927
01:42:10,950 --> 01:42:08,480
invented it went back in time and

2928
01:42:12,390 --> 01:42:10,960
prevented himself from ever inventing it

2929
01:42:14,070 --> 01:42:12,400
so it might be that that's one of the

2930
01:42:16,070 --> 01:42:14,080
things you could never invent if it was

2931
01:42:18,390 --> 01:42:16,080
possible because you never actually get

2932
01:42:19,350 --> 01:42:18,400
a chance to invent it if that makes

2933
01:42:23,590 --> 01:42:19,360
sense

2934
01:42:25,510 --> 01:42:23,600
it does it does and if okay now jumping

2935
01:42:27,270 --> 01:42:25,520
into the future which you know i've

2936
01:42:31,109 --> 01:42:27,280
discussed but let's do this in a very

2937
01:42:34,470 --> 01:42:31,119
simplified way we zip out we go ftl we

2938
01:42:37,510 --> 01:42:34,480
go 99.9 right 999.99999 we're right

2939
01:42:40,390 --> 01:42:37,520
there and we we head out let's let's

2940
01:42:43,030 --> 01:42:40,400
pick a uh an achievable number let's do

2941
01:42:44,310 --> 01:42:43,040
a 20-year round trip 10 years out 10

2942
01:42:47,750 --> 01:42:44,320
years back

2943
01:42:50,629 --> 01:42:47,760
earth is now at 99.999

2944
01:42:52,149 --> 01:42:50,639
earth is a million years in the future

2945
01:42:54,550 --> 01:42:52,159
a million

2946
01:42:58,310 --> 01:42:54,560
and we come back here

2947
01:43:01,350 --> 01:42:58,320
and time travel is now a tourist

2948
01:43:04,950 --> 01:43:01,360
attraction it's a destination

2949
01:43:08,390 --> 01:43:04,960
right now what happens to us

2950
01:43:09,669 --> 01:43:08,400
we come back is it possible uh to

2951
01:43:11,590 --> 01:43:09,679
[Music]

2952
01:43:15,030 --> 01:43:11,600
go from the future

2953
01:43:17,189 --> 01:43:15,040
remove ourselves time travel back to

2954
01:43:19,350 --> 01:43:17,199
2020

2955
01:43:22,070 --> 01:43:19,360
where we can tell everybody that time

2956
01:43:25,270 --> 01:43:22,080
travel is possible now what happens to

2957
01:43:26,709 --> 01:43:25,280
the matter that has been removed and the

2958
01:43:28,390 --> 01:43:26,719
energy

2959
01:43:30,870 --> 01:43:28,400
that has

2960
01:43:32,229 --> 01:43:30,880
disappeared from the future

2961
01:43:33,590 --> 01:43:32,239
we have no idea

2962
01:43:35,510 --> 01:43:33,600
that's one of those problems with time

2963
01:43:36,390 --> 01:43:35,520
travel um i mean from a logical point of

2964
01:43:38,470 --> 01:43:36,400
view when you're dealing with like

2965
01:43:40,550 --> 01:43:38,480
civilizations the fermi paradox

2966
01:43:41,510 --> 01:43:40,560
if i invent time travel a century from

2967
01:43:43,109 --> 01:43:41,520
now

2968
01:43:45,350 --> 01:43:43,119
the first thing i ought to be doing is

2969
01:43:46,790 --> 01:43:45,360
is traveling back in time to modern me

2970
01:43:48,550 --> 01:43:46,800
and handing me the blueprints for all

2971
01:43:50,229 --> 01:43:48,560
the really expensive technologies that

2972
01:43:51,669 --> 01:43:50,239
will make me a trillionaire right that's

2973
01:43:53,189 --> 01:43:51,679
correct

2974
01:43:54,950 --> 01:43:53,199
but i haven't done that it's like with

2975
01:43:56,870 --> 01:43:54,960
the the stephen hawking party for time

2976
01:43:58,310 --> 01:43:56,880
travelers he announced it was the day

2977
01:44:00,390 --> 01:43:58,320
afterwards he announced the party was

2978
01:44:03,270 --> 01:44:00,400
last night and nobody came

2979
01:44:04,950 --> 01:44:03,280
um and uh of course

2980
01:44:07,109 --> 01:44:04,960
they say well

2981
01:44:09,430 --> 01:44:07,119
maybe they have a rule against not

2982
01:44:11,750 --> 01:44:09,440
doing it they can do it but they don't i

2983
01:44:14,390 --> 01:44:11,760
said well yeah you could do that but

2984
01:44:16,790 --> 01:44:14,400
find me a rule that people voluntarily

2985
01:44:19,109 --> 01:44:16,800
follow 100 of the time

2986
01:44:20,709 --> 01:44:19,119
and uh and i would say that that's

2987
01:44:22,229 --> 01:44:20,719
that's probably not gonna i would

2988
01:44:24,149 --> 01:44:22,239
consider that to be more impossible than

2989
01:44:26,149 --> 01:44:24,159
time travel itself

2990
01:44:29,109 --> 01:44:26,159
well and this is the this is the i i

2991
01:44:31,270 --> 01:44:29,119
don't want to get into paradoxes because

2992
01:44:33,109 --> 01:44:31,280
i i don't believe in any of them all

2993
01:44:35,109 --> 01:44:33,119
right because nobody's time traveled

2994
01:44:38,870 --> 01:44:35,119
this is all just theories and ideas

2995
01:44:41,750 --> 01:44:38,880
that's all it is i entertain all of them

2996
01:44:43,990 --> 01:44:41,760
but i have my own concepts too as well

2997
01:44:46,709 --> 01:44:44,000
then let's stay right there

2998
01:44:50,229 --> 01:44:46,719
we go back in time uh

2999
01:44:52,950 --> 01:44:50,239
and we do visit a paradox we we

3000
01:44:55,270 --> 01:44:52,960
literally kill our grandmother i'd say

3001
01:44:57,590 --> 01:44:55,280
let's not say that they don't have sex

3002
01:45:00,629 --> 01:44:57,600
let's just say i take out my grandmother

3003
01:45:03,750 --> 01:45:00,639
right i take her out at that moment

3004
01:45:05,510 --> 01:45:03,760
where i now cease to exist

3005
01:45:07,510 --> 01:45:05,520
what happens to me

3006
01:45:10,470 --> 01:45:07,520
do i disappear

3007
01:45:13,350 --> 01:45:10,480
do i turn into stardust

3008
01:45:16,470 --> 01:45:13,360
do i fall down and die and my physical

3009
01:45:19,030 --> 01:45:16,480
body is still there in the past

3010
01:45:20,870 --> 01:45:19,040
but i just dropped dead

3011
01:45:22,950 --> 01:45:20,880
what happens at that moment

3012
01:45:24,229 --> 01:45:22,960
i mean we don't know for sure if uh back

3013
01:45:25,510 --> 01:45:24,239
to the future scene and go by you'd

3014
01:45:28,229 --> 01:45:25,520
start to kind of fade out and see your

3015
01:45:30,550 --> 01:45:28,239
hand go away but uh from a uh a more

3016
01:45:31,910 --> 01:45:30,560
realistic perspective it could never

3017
01:45:34,229 --> 01:45:31,920
have happened right you went back there

3018
01:45:35,830 --> 01:45:34,239
you shot her and now you never exist to

3019
01:45:37,189 --> 01:45:35,840
go back there and shoot off and that

3020
01:45:38,550 --> 01:45:37,199
again that's where that nokia self

3021
01:45:39,510 --> 01:45:38,560
consistency principle comes in where it

3022
01:45:40,950 --> 01:45:39,520
says

3023
01:45:42,550 --> 01:45:40,960
if you could actually have gone back and

3024
01:45:43,910 --> 01:45:42,560
done that in the first place

3025
01:45:45,590 --> 01:45:43,920
maybe something's going to happen that

3026
01:45:48,149 --> 01:45:45,600
would make you do it anyway like it

3027
01:45:49,750 --> 01:45:48,159
turns out that in this new timeline

3028
01:45:51,270 --> 01:45:49,760
you've really been deluded into thinking

3029
01:45:53,030 --> 01:45:51,280
she was your grandmother

3030
01:45:54,629 --> 01:45:53,040
you were wrong it's not your grandmother

3031
01:45:56,790 --> 01:45:54,639
you went back and shot at all because

3032
01:45:58,229 --> 01:45:56,800
that's a possible timeline right

3033
01:45:59,430 --> 01:45:58,239
or somebody came up to you and lied to

3034
01:46:00,470 --> 01:45:59,440
you before you got in the time machine

3035
01:46:02,310 --> 01:46:00,480
and said

3036
01:46:04,310 --> 01:46:02,320
that that's you know that that was your

3037
01:46:05,270 --> 01:46:04,320
grandmother you're going back to shoot

3038
01:46:07,030 --> 01:46:05,280
um

3039
01:46:09,109 --> 01:46:07,040
and say well that that seems to be kind

3040
01:46:11,750 --> 01:46:09,119
of contrived and it's not the idea that

3041
01:46:14,470 --> 01:46:11,760
the universe is consciously um making

3042
01:46:15,990 --> 01:46:14,480
that happen it's more the idea that of

3043
01:46:17,750 --> 01:46:16,000
all these possible futures that could

3044
01:46:19,109 --> 01:46:17,760
happen that that would that would be

3045
01:46:20,229 --> 01:46:19,119
consistent that would actually have

3046
01:46:21,910 --> 01:46:20,239
allowed that there are an infinite

3047
01:46:23,910 --> 01:46:21,920
number or very nearly infinite number of

3048
01:46:25,830 --> 01:46:23,920
scenarios that could cause you to go

3049
01:46:28,229 --> 01:46:25,840
back and do something like that in a way

3050
01:46:30,550 --> 01:46:28,239
that would not violate uh not create a

3051
01:46:32,390 --> 01:46:30,560
paradox there are very few of these

3052
01:46:34,149 --> 01:46:32,400
relative numbers of normal universes but

3053
01:46:35,350 --> 01:46:34,159
there's still a huge number of them

3054
01:46:37,669 --> 01:46:35,360
and so there would be an alternate

3055
01:46:39,430 --> 01:46:37,679
universe in which you had done that

3056
01:46:40,950 --> 01:46:39,440
mistakenly where you went back in in

3057
01:46:42,629 --> 01:46:40,960
time and shot the person who you thought

3058
01:46:43,430 --> 01:46:42,639
was your grandmother but actually was

3059
01:46:44,310 --> 01:46:43,440
not

3060
01:46:45,669 --> 01:46:44,320
uh

3061
01:46:47,189 --> 01:46:45,679
and now you just end up in one of those

3062
01:46:48,950 --> 01:46:47,199
paths for the same reason that water

3063
01:46:50,070 --> 01:46:48,960
when it falls on a hill

3064
01:46:51,750 --> 01:46:50,080
one way or another it ends up at the

3065
01:46:53,350 --> 01:46:51,760
bottom of that hill and the ocean again

3066
01:46:56,709 --> 01:46:53,360
it can take many different paths to get

3067
01:46:59,590 --> 01:46:56,719
there see this is okay now this is my

3068
01:47:02,229 --> 01:46:59,600
idea are you ready this is this is

3069
01:47:04,550 --> 01:47:02,239
church time travel theory

3070
01:47:10,310 --> 01:47:04,560
nothing happens

3071
01:47:12,629 --> 01:47:10,320
pop a cap in my grandmother i still live

3072
01:47:15,910 --> 01:47:12,639
i time travel to the future back to

3073
01:47:18,149 --> 01:47:15,920
where i was i'm still there there isn't

3074
01:47:20,229 --> 01:47:18,159
an alternate me there isn't a younger me

3075
01:47:21,669 --> 01:47:20,239
there isn't a twin me none of that

3076
01:47:23,830 --> 01:47:21,679
happens

3077
01:47:26,470 --> 01:47:23,840
all of the other stuff all the paradoxes

3078
01:47:28,070 --> 01:47:26,480
the alternate timelines the the infinite

3079
01:47:29,030 --> 01:47:28,080
none of that happens

3080
01:47:33,830 --> 01:47:29,040
it's just

3081
01:47:35,430 --> 01:47:33,840
that that's what i'm saying there it it

3082
01:47:37,750 --> 01:47:35,440
it just wouldn't it was just

3083
01:47:39,109 --> 01:47:37,760
it just life continues well that's

3084
01:47:41,430 --> 01:47:39,119
another one the ones that sometimes

3085
01:47:43,430 --> 01:47:41,440
present is that uh you know the the time

3086
01:47:45,990 --> 01:47:43,440
motion thing that we have here uh you

3087
01:47:47,350 --> 01:47:46,000
went back in time and changed something

3088
01:47:49,030 --> 01:47:47,360
and time continues to just proceed

3089
01:47:50,470 --> 01:47:49,040
normally there's no paradox because you

3090
01:47:52,229 --> 01:47:50,480
still have that one timeline it just

3091
01:47:53,990 --> 01:47:52,239
kind of loops like a string

3092
01:47:55,590 --> 01:47:54,000
you've got a straight string but who

3093
01:47:56,790 --> 01:47:55,600
says you can't take your finger and cord

3094
01:47:58,390 --> 01:47:56,800
around your finger real quick and make a

3095
01:47:59,910 --> 01:47:58,400
loop in the middle of that string you're

3096
01:48:01,510 --> 01:47:59,920
still walking along a straight line with

3097
01:48:03,669 --> 01:48:01,520
that string though yeah it just happens

3098
01:48:06,229 --> 01:48:03,679
to intersect at one point and loop yep i

3099
01:48:10,550 --> 01:48:06,239
i i that's what i i honest

3100
01:48:13,669 --> 01:48:12,229
my whole take on it would be i've got to

3101
01:48:16,070 --> 01:48:13,679
take a break right here i'm already

3102
01:48:18,790 --> 01:48:16,080
running late um is that i would come

3103
01:48:20,950 --> 01:48:18,800
back i'd look at you i tap myself

3104
01:48:23,270 --> 01:48:20,960
wow i'm still here i just killed my

3105
01:48:25,709 --> 01:48:23,280
grandmother i'm back

3106
01:48:27,270 --> 01:48:25,719
life is

3107
01:48:29,109 --> 01:48:27,280
unchanged

3108
01:48:30,550 --> 01:48:29,119
that's that's my take that's my take and

3109
01:48:32,629 --> 01:48:30,560
i'm sticking to it let's take a break

3110
01:48:35,430 --> 01:48:32,639
right here when we come back let's talk

3111
01:48:38,590 --> 01:48:35,440
some teleportation our guest tonight is

3112
01:48:40,390 --> 01:48:38,600
isaac arthur and it's very simple

3113
01:48:41,910 --> 01:48:40,400
isaacarthur.net the links are over at

3114
01:48:44,149 --> 01:48:41,920
jimmychurchradio.com

3115
01:48:46,950 --> 01:48:44,159
if you're enjoying this you need to go

3116
01:48:49,189 --> 01:48:46,960
and check out all of isaac's videos and

3117
01:48:53,730 --> 01:48:49,199
presentations it is fascinating we'll be

3118
01:49:04,709 --> 01:49:00,690
[Music]

3119
01:49:05,790 --> 01:49:04,719
fantastic conversation tonight with

3120
01:49:07,109 --> 01:49:05,800
isaac arthur

3121
01:49:10,229 --> 01:49:07,119
[Music]

3122
01:49:12,950 --> 01:49:10,239
but you know we expected that

3123
01:49:14,550 --> 01:49:12,960
heading into a little overtime and isaac

3124
01:49:17,270 --> 01:49:14,560
you know thank you for this conversation

3125
01:49:19,430 --> 01:49:17,280
tonight it is just incredible and

3126
01:49:21,109 --> 01:49:19,440
the uh these thoughts and concepts for a

3127
01:49:24,870 --> 01:49:21,119
lot of us are

3128
01:49:27,590 --> 01:49:24,880
um uh it's mentally draining because we

3129
01:49:28,709 --> 01:49:27,600
are getting into an uncomfortable zone

3130
01:49:31,109 --> 01:49:28,719
and knowledge

3131
01:49:32,950 --> 01:49:31,119
for you you just rattle this stuff off

3132
01:49:35,590 --> 01:49:32,960
and it's just another day

3133
01:49:37,830 --> 01:49:35,600
uh for you but uh teleportation is

3134
01:49:40,550 --> 01:49:37,840
another complex issue

3135
01:49:43,350 --> 01:49:40,560
and we've been watching this uh magic

3136
01:49:45,590 --> 01:49:43,360
occur uh uh

3137
01:49:48,229 --> 01:49:45,600
going back uh we

3138
01:49:49,669 --> 01:49:48,239
i think most people remember star trek

3139
01:49:52,550 --> 01:49:49,679
but my

3140
01:49:55,590 --> 01:49:52,560
first memory of this is is way before

3141
01:49:57,830 --> 01:49:55,600
that probably by 10 or 12 years in uh

3142
01:50:00,790 --> 01:49:57,840
forbidden planet

3143
01:50:02,149 --> 01:50:00,800
i love that movie yeah love it love it i

3144
01:50:04,310 --> 01:50:02,159
still watch it all the time you know

3145
01:50:07,350 --> 01:50:04,320
it's funny with forbidden planet

3146
01:50:08,709 --> 01:50:07,360
uh it gets shorter and shorter

3147
01:50:11,270 --> 01:50:08,719
um

3148
01:50:14,070 --> 01:50:11,280
if the movie happens very very quickly

3149
01:50:17,590 --> 01:50:14,080
for me now i i it's a time travel

3150
01:50:20,070 --> 01:50:17,600
teleportation thing um in that it it is

3151
01:50:22,870 --> 01:50:20,080
just so well laid out and the vision of

3152
01:50:25,669 --> 01:50:22,880
the future was uh just incredible just

3153
01:50:29,270 --> 01:50:25,679
incredible and also the uh

3154
01:50:31,750 --> 01:50:29,280
uh the gps uh aspect of it where they've

3155
01:50:34,470 --> 01:50:31,760
got the ship in the middle of that dome

3156
01:50:36,870 --> 01:50:34,480
uh and traveling the universe i thought

3157
01:50:39,430 --> 01:50:36,880
was a very interesting uh concept too as

3158
01:50:40,950 --> 01:50:39,440
well well the forbidden planet i mean

3159
01:50:42,550 --> 01:50:40,960
there's a good example of that for

3160
01:50:44,870 --> 01:50:42,560
things like teleportation where you've

3161
01:50:46,390 --> 01:50:44,880
got the uh robbie the robot who's uh

3162
01:50:47,910 --> 01:50:46,400
who's making all this stuff for them out

3163
01:50:49,430 --> 01:50:47,920
of nowhere and i think it was a bunch of

3164
01:50:50,830 --> 01:50:49,440
bottles of whiskey for the cook was the

3165
01:50:53,270 --> 01:50:50,840
example he used

3166
01:50:55,669 --> 01:50:53,280
um that's one of those ways you can do

3167
01:50:57,109 --> 01:50:55,679
teleportation is you obviously you just

3168
01:50:58,870 --> 01:50:57,119
go ahead and print out a copy of a

3169
01:51:00,070 --> 01:50:58,880
person at the destination

3170
01:51:01,350 --> 01:51:00,080
which kind of raises the issue of what

3171
01:51:03,910 --> 01:51:01,360
happens to the original guy is that

3172
01:51:04,950 --> 01:51:03,920
really just long distance cloning

3173
01:51:07,510 --> 01:51:04,960
and when we start looking at

3174
01:51:09,109 --> 01:51:07,520
teleportation what our ideal version is

3175
01:51:10,229 --> 01:51:09,119
is that here you are and now you're

3176
01:51:12,709 --> 01:51:10,239
elsewhere

3177
01:51:14,310 --> 01:51:12,719
and that one seems like we kind of

3178
01:51:15,430 --> 01:51:14,320
problematic to actually ever make work

3179
01:51:17,350 --> 01:51:15,440
but we have a lot of things that come

3180
01:51:19,510 --> 01:51:17,360
real close and one of those would be

3181
01:51:21,830 --> 01:51:19,520
where we scan you in

3182
01:51:23,510 --> 01:51:21,840
and copy you somewhere else

3183
01:51:25,270 --> 01:51:23,520
that's a lot easier to do with somebody

3184
01:51:26,629 --> 01:51:25,280
who's not really human anymore who's

3185
01:51:27,910 --> 01:51:26,639
been like mentally uploaded onto a

3186
01:51:29,109 --> 01:51:27,920
computer chip

3187
01:51:30,390 --> 01:51:29,119
but you always have that problem that

3188
01:51:33,430 --> 01:51:30,400
whenever you're doing things like this

3189
01:51:35,189 --> 01:51:33,440
you're not actually moving that person

3190
01:51:37,030 --> 01:51:35,199
you're copying them

3191
01:51:38,390 --> 01:51:37,040
what do you do with a copy or was the

3192
01:51:40,629 --> 01:51:38,400
copy destroyed in the process of

3193
01:51:41,910 --> 01:51:40,639
scanning and if you're using a method

3194
01:51:43,270 --> 01:51:41,920
that tends to destroy things when you

3195
01:51:44,950 --> 01:51:43,280
scan them

3196
01:51:46,470 --> 01:51:44,960
what happens when you do a scan it

3197
01:51:48,390 --> 01:51:46,480
doesn't work perfectly

3198
01:51:51,030 --> 01:51:48,400
and is it still the same person if

3199
01:51:53,109 --> 01:51:51,040
they're not quite copied perfectly

3200
01:51:55,669 --> 01:51:53,119
uh would

3201
01:51:57,350 --> 01:51:55,679
some advanced form of error correction

3202
01:51:59,109 --> 01:51:57,360
have to take place

3203
01:52:00,950 --> 01:51:59,119
i think so well i mean you've got a

3204
01:52:02,550 --> 01:52:00,960
compression issue first almost

3205
01:52:04,870 --> 01:52:02,560
everything in your body is a copy you

3206
01:52:06,870 --> 01:52:04,880
know say you want to send every last bit

3207
01:52:09,270 --> 01:52:06,880
of information of a person's body about

3208
01:52:11,510 --> 01:52:09,280
them every last molecule or atom

3209
01:52:13,189 --> 01:52:11,520
how accurate does that need to be

3210
01:52:15,109 --> 01:52:13,199
do i actually care if it reassembles a

3211
01:52:16,709 --> 01:52:15,119
bit of fat that's not the same as a bit

3212
01:52:17,990 --> 01:52:16,719
of fat elsewhere in my body i mean

3213
01:52:18,870 --> 01:52:18,000
there's only so many types of fat

3214
01:52:21,510 --> 01:52:18,880
wouldn't really make much of a

3215
01:52:23,270 --> 01:52:21,520
difference right same for muscle can i

3216
01:52:25,109 --> 01:52:23,280
just rely on that as encrypted can i

3217
01:52:28,310 --> 01:52:25,119
just send along the thing that says

3218
01:52:30,550 --> 01:52:28,320
make 1.5 pounds of of alm in this place

3219
01:52:31,589 --> 01:52:30,560
it's the same template arm as everybody

3220
01:52:32,550 --> 01:52:31,599
else has

3221
01:52:34,550 --> 01:52:32,560
um

3222
01:52:36,629 --> 01:52:34,560
and then of course

3223
01:52:38,390 --> 01:52:36,639
how good of a copy is that if you're

3224
01:52:39,990 --> 01:52:38,400
compressing that much

3225
01:52:41,750 --> 01:52:40,000
and you almost have to could say well

3226
01:52:43,270 --> 01:52:41,760
maybe we won't do it at all we'll scan

3227
01:52:45,510 --> 01:52:43,280
literally every atom

3228
01:52:48,149 --> 01:52:45,520
and so there's a problem there they are

3229
01:52:49,270 --> 01:52:48,159
you know 10 to the 30 or so random atoms

3230
01:52:51,189 --> 01:52:49,280
in your body

3231
01:52:53,189 --> 01:52:51,199
if each one of those requires a very

3232
01:52:55,030 --> 01:52:53,199
high powered photon to reach your

3233
01:52:56,629 --> 01:52:55,040
destination you know a very high power

3234
01:52:58,470 --> 01:52:56,639
transmission

3235
01:53:00,709 --> 01:52:58,480
when you're sending that beam with all

3236
01:53:02,310 --> 01:53:00,719
that information it would be not just

3237
01:53:03,830 --> 01:53:02,320
very energy-intensive to make you're

3238
01:53:05,270 --> 01:53:03,840
basically firing at death ray at the

3239
01:53:07,109 --> 01:53:05,280
location just to send all that

3240
01:53:10,390 --> 01:53:07,119
information

3241
01:53:12,550 --> 01:53:10,400
it's it's a huge huge amount we're not

3242
01:53:15,270 --> 01:53:12,560
talking terabytes

3243
01:53:17,830 --> 01:53:15,280
right we're talking about a crazy amount

3244
01:53:19,270 --> 01:53:17,840
of data yeah if it's not compressed i

3245
01:53:21,990 --> 01:53:19,280
mean it almost has to be compressed to

3246
01:53:23,510 --> 01:53:22,000
only be a digital copy of the brain if

3247
01:53:25,750 --> 01:53:23,520
you're trying to send the states of

3248
01:53:27,430 --> 01:53:25,760
every last atom in that body you are

3249
01:53:29,270 --> 01:53:27,440
effectively sending a signal that's got

3250
01:53:31,990 --> 01:53:29,280
to be so powerful just to contain all

3251
01:53:33,990 --> 01:53:32,000
that data that it really is a death ray

3252
01:53:36,709 --> 01:53:34,000
so you would

3253
01:53:39,189 --> 01:53:36,719
the concept would be an easier concept

3254
01:53:41,189 --> 01:53:39,199
for teleportation is you would have a

3255
01:53:42,629 --> 01:53:41,199
generic body

3256
01:53:45,030 --> 01:53:42,639
or pretty close to that yeah you'd

3257
01:53:47,350 --> 01:53:45,040
upload a brain to it as a war or you'd

3258
01:53:49,030 --> 01:53:47,360
merely replicate these specific states

3259
01:53:51,109 --> 01:53:49,040
of the neurons you know you're recording

3260
01:53:52,310 --> 01:53:51,119
what those neurons each have

3261
01:53:54,390 --> 01:53:52,320
that's problematic though because we

3262
01:53:56,149 --> 01:53:54,400
don't really know how much i mean you'll

3263
01:53:58,550 --> 01:53:56,159
hear figures about how much memory we

3264
01:54:00,470 --> 01:53:58,560
need to simulate a human brain uh or

3265
01:54:02,310 --> 01:54:00,480
processor speed those are kind of

3266
01:54:03,270 --> 01:54:02,320
guesses we look at how many neurons

3267
01:54:05,189 --> 01:54:03,280
there are in the body and how many

3268
01:54:07,189 --> 01:54:05,199
connections they have and say that's our

3269
01:54:08,709 --> 01:54:07,199
ground state we don't know for sure if

3270
01:54:10,229 --> 01:54:08,719
that's actually the case there might be

3271
01:54:11,270 --> 01:54:10,239
levels beneath that that are actually

3272
01:54:13,109 --> 01:54:11,280
relevant

3273
01:54:14,310 --> 01:54:13,119
and so if you're not copying somebody

3274
01:54:16,550 --> 01:54:14,320
perfectly

3275
01:54:19,350 --> 01:54:16,560
uh and there's you know what is perfect

3276
01:54:21,350 --> 01:54:19,360
um how close do you need to be

3277
01:54:22,709 --> 01:54:21,360
to actually achieve the goal and of

3278
01:54:24,229 --> 01:54:22,719
course you can make the argument that

3279
01:54:25,750 --> 01:54:24,239
i'm not the same person i was when i

3280
01:54:28,149 --> 01:54:25,760
opened my mouth to say that sentence i'm

3281
01:54:30,709 --> 01:54:28,159
constantly that's right

3282
01:54:33,109 --> 01:54:30,719
but how much is enough for the change

3283
01:54:35,910 --> 01:54:33,119
how much is enough for you

3284
01:54:38,229 --> 01:54:35,920
right for you to say yes okay i'm going

3285
01:54:40,750 --> 01:54:38,239
to go ahead and do this in that

3286
01:54:43,189 --> 01:54:40,760
uh if if they said well it's going to be

3287
01:54:45,030 --> 01:54:43,199
99.9 percent

3288
01:54:47,430 --> 01:54:45,040
that's not enough

3289
01:54:49,350 --> 01:54:47,440
not for me no

3290
01:54:50,550 --> 01:54:49,360
not for me though and i mean there was

3291
01:54:53,189 --> 01:54:50,560
presumably a part where you say well

3292
01:54:55,430 --> 01:54:53,199
look if i've just got one tiny little

3293
01:54:57,430 --> 01:54:55,440
data point different in my head so that

3294
01:54:59,669 --> 01:54:57,440
you know i remember one extra leaf on a

3295
01:55:01,669 --> 01:54:59,679
tree i saw 10 years ago that can't

3296
01:55:04,149 --> 01:55:01,679
possibly really matter so that's

3297
01:55:05,430 --> 01:55:04,159
probably good enough but if you teleport

3298
01:55:06,629 --> 01:55:05,440
somebody and it's not quite a good

3299
01:55:08,870 --> 01:55:06,639
enough copy

3300
01:55:10,709 --> 01:55:08,880
for you know how good of a copy does it

3301
01:55:12,390 --> 01:55:10,719
need to be and that would obviously

3302
01:55:14,070 --> 01:55:12,400
depend a lot on the individual so there

3303
01:55:15,990 --> 01:55:14,080
are examples where you might use uh

3304
01:55:17,750 --> 01:55:16,000
teleportation where it's very compressed

3305
01:55:19,270 --> 01:55:17,760
like that where you'll really not

3306
01:55:21,030 --> 01:55:19,280
getting rid of the original person it's

3307
01:55:23,109 --> 01:55:21,040
just a rapid copy

3308
01:55:24,629 --> 01:55:23,119
kind of like of an export you know

3309
01:55:25,910 --> 01:55:24,639
but since you still got that speed of

3310
01:55:27,990 --> 01:55:25,920
light issue for most types of

3311
01:55:29,830 --> 01:55:28,000
teleportation you might say why don't i

3312
01:55:31,669 --> 01:55:29,840
just keep a bunch of exports on ice with

3313
01:55:33,270 --> 01:55:31,679
my my spaceship to travel to another

3314
01:55:35,430 --> 01:55:33,280
place and i just wake them up for that

3315
01:55:37,109 --> 01:55:35,440
occasion because that's a lot more data

3316
01:55:39,669 --> 01:55:37,119
you can carry around that way

3317
01:55:42,310 --> 01:55:39,679
well and the

3318
01:55:44,470 --> 01:55:42,320
the problem that i see with it

3319
01:55:46,470 --> 01:55:44,480
um and i want to talk about the amount

3320
01:55:47,510 --> 01:55:46,480
of data here in just a second

3321
01:55:50,790 --> 01:55:47,520
is that

3322
01:55:53,030 --> 01:55:50,800
that's teleporting one time

3323
01:55:55,430 --> 01:55:53,040
yep but then you walk right right and

3324
01:55:57,669 --> 01:55:55,440
you walk into a bar and you see somebody

3325
01:56:00,870 --> 01:55:57,679
at the end of the bar that his hands are

3326
01:56:02,390 --> 01:56:00,880
shaking maybe his skin is wrong you know

3327
01:56:04,790 --> 01:56:02,400
and you're like oh that dude's

3328
01:56:06,870 --> 01:56:04,800
teleported 25 times

3329
01:56:08,870 --> 01:56:06,880
you know because now the copy of the

3330
01:56:10,709 --> 01:56:08,880
copy of the copy of the copy of the copy

3331
01:56:12,229 --> 01:56:10,719
and the degradation that happens in your

3332
01:56:14,709 --> 01:56:12,239
digital file

3333
01:56:16,709 --> 01:56:14,719
through so many uh error corrections

3334
01:56:18,149 --> 01:56:16,719
data loss and competition it's not like

3335
01:56:19,669 --> 01:56:18,159
normal cloning like if i just want to

3336
01:56:21,270 --> 01:56:19,679
clone you i don't get fatigue because i

3337
01:56:23,430 --> 01:56:21,280
can keep using that original sample or

3338
01:56:25,030 --> 01:56:23,440
even repair the damage because we know

3339
01:56:26,070 --> 01:56:25,040
what a damaged bit of dna looks like and

3340
01:56:28,390 --> 01:56:26,080
what's supposed to look like when it's

3341
01:56:31,189 --> 01:56:28,400
right right how do i remove the damage

3342
01:56:32,470 --> 01:56:31,199
of a copy on someone's memory

3343
01:56:34,709 --> 01:56:32,480
that's that's a you know that's one of

3344
01:56:36,950 --> 01:56:34,719
those gray areas there if you teleport

3345
01:56:38,390 --> 01:56:36,960
someone and they are you know you're

3346
01:56:40,470 --> 01:56:38,400
making a copy of them you're making a

3347
01:56:42,709 --> 01:56:40,480
copy of them now not the copy of them

3348
01:56:44,229 --> 01:56:42,719
that you teleport 10 times back

3349
01:56:45,270 --> 01:56:44,239
so you could get copy fatigue very

3350
01:56:46,790 --> 01:56:45,280
easily

3351
01:56:47,910 --> 01:56:46,800
especially because when you start

3352
01:56:50,229 --> 01:56:47,920
thinking about how you go about scanning

3353
01:56:52,870 --> 01:56:50,239
somebody at that kind of resolution

3354
01:56:54,229 --> 01:56:52,880
that's a pretty destructive process if

3355
01:56:55,589 --> 01:56:54,239
you want to do any kind of real-time

3356
01:56:57,510 --> 01:56:55,599
speed

3357
01:56:58,470 --> 01:56:57,520
and and so

3358
01:57:01,750 --> 01:56:58,480
uh

3359
01:57:05,910 --> 01:57:01,760
the amount of data okay in here in the

3360
01:57:08,310 --> 01:57:05,920
bunker i'm running uh i have wide open

3361
01:57:11,030 --> 01:57:08,320
very expensive uh

3362
01:57:15,030 --> 01:57:11,040
gigabit internet okay

3363
01:57:16,709 --> 01:57:15,040
and what we are running here is extreme

3364
01:57:18,790 --> 01:57:16,719
okay it's rare

3365
01:57:20,229 --> 01:57:18,800
okay not too many people have what we

3366
01:57:21,109 --> 01:57:20,239
have here

3367
01:57:24,870 --> 01:57:21,119
but

3368
01:57:27,189 --> 01:57:24,880
uh to run this kind of data

3369
01:57:29,910 --> 01:57:27,199
down a pipeline

3370
01:57:32,310 --> 01:57:29,920
how long would that take

3371
01:57:33,360 --> 01:57:32,320
okay atom by atom scan potentially

3372
01:57:35,510 --> 01:57:33,370
billions of years

3373
01:57:38,229 --> 01:57:35,520
[Laughter]

3374
01:57:39,910 --> 01:57:38,239
now just for a copy of like someone's um

3375
01:57:41,910 --> 01:57:39,920
neurologist was like

3376
01:57:44,790 --> 01:57:41,920
billions of years

3377
01:57:46,149 --> 01:57:44,800
i think i might be going low too though

3378
01:57:47,669 --> 01:57:46,159
i'd have to run the numbers on the

3379
01:57:49,910 --> 01:57:47,679
civics for that but yeah it's a very

3380
01:57:52,790 --> 01:57:49,920
long time yeah because we all remember

3381
01:57:54,790 --> 01:57:52,800
downloading you know with uh dial-in

3382
01:57:57,189 --> 01:57:54,800
modems right and looking at a picture

3383
01:57:59,030 --> 01:57:57,199
and watching the stages come down and

3384
01:58:00,470 --> 01:57:59,040
and then finally you got a jpeg on your

3385
01:58:02,709 --> 01:58:00,480
screen

3386
01:58:06,149 --> 01:58:02,719
when we are talking about this kind of

3387
01:58:08,470 --> 01:58:06,159
data for a teleportation situation where

3388
01:58:10,550 --> 01:58:08,480
you and i need to go to paris

3389
01:58:12,629 --> 01:58:10,560
right we don't want to fly we want to

3390
01:58:16,149 --> 01:58:12,639
teleport to paris

3391
01:58:18,470 --> 01:58:16,159
we could fly there uh quicker

3392
01:58:21,030 --> 01:58:18,480
than the teleportation side of it

3393
01:58:22,709 --> 01:58:21,040
because of the data transfer

3394
01:58:24,229 --> 01:58:22,719
would take forever

3395
01:58:26,310 --> 01:58:24,239
yeah and there's also the heat angle on

3396
01:58:28,629 --> 01:58:26,320
this because you know running computers

3397
01:58:30,390 --> 01:58:28,639
is not energy free you could actually

3398
01:58:32,070 --> 01:58:30,400
melt a planet down by actually running

3399
01:58:33,669 --> 01:58:32,080
one of these things there might be that

3400
01:58:35,109 --> 01:58:33,679
much energy involved right now that's

3401
01:58:36,870 --> 01:58:35,119
that's for the atom by atom scan if

3402
01:58:38,950 --> 01:58:36,880
you're just trying to uh copy the of a

3403
01:58:40,149 --> 01:58:38,960
memory right a copy of the brain

3404
01:58:42,149 --> 01:58:40,159
that potentially could be something you

3405
01:58:43,430 --> 01:58:42,159
could compress so much and i it wouldn't

3406
01:58:45,990 --> 01:58:43,440
just be the brain you'd be sitting along

3407
01:58:47,430 --> 01:58:46,000
things like physical specs so you could

3408
01:58:49,589 --> 01:58:47,440
nail the body pretty close but that

3409
01:58:51,270 --> 01:58:49,599
doesn't have to be huge amounts of data

3410
01:58:52,629 --> 01:58:51,280
um because so much of it's gonna be the

3411
01:58:53,990 --> 01:58:52,639
same as for anybody else so it really

3412
01:58:55,589 --> 01:58:54,000
wouldn't matter you don't care if your

3413
01:58:57,430 --> 01:58:55,599
muscle cells are exactly identical to

3414
01:58:59,270 --> 01:58:57,440
what they were before though that brings

3415
01:59:01,350 --> 01:58:59,280
up the use of technology like this to

3416
01:59:02,790 --> 01:59:01,360
heal people instantly or to add muscle

3417
01:59:04,709 --> 01:59:02,800
mass on right

3418
01:59:06,790 --> 01:59:04,719
um those extra applications of

3419
01:59:09,589 --> 01:59:06,800
technology if you're just doing a brain

3420
01:59:10,870 --> 01:59:09,599
scan and it really is just like that uh

3421
01:59:12,470 --> 01:59:10,880
i can't remember how many petabytes are

3422
01:59:14,310 --> 01:59:12,480
saying the human brain would have its

3423
01:59:15,589 --> 01:59:14,320
memory right now but it's it's pretty

3424
01:59:17,750 --> 01:59:15,599
big but it's not

3425
01:59:19,350 --> 01:59:17,760
insanely big something like that you

3426
01:59:20,470 --> 01:59:19,360
probably could send down down the

3427
01:59:21,350 --> 01:59:20,480
pipeline

3428
01:59:24,149 --> 01:59:21,360
now

3429
01:59:25,830 --> 01:59:24,159
on the other end

3430
01:59:27,350 --> 01:59:25,840
how do we

3431
01:59:30,790 --> 01:59:27,360
i can almost

3432
01:59:34,629 --> 01:59:30,800
understand the the body scan aspect of

3433
01:59:36,470 --> 01:59:34,639
it okay and if it was adam by adam let's

3434
01:59:38,709 --> 01:59:36,480
that that's a scan

3435
01:59:39,990 --> 01:59:38,719
but on the other end you need to do

3436
01:59:41,910 --> 01:59:40,000
assembly

3437
01:59:45,350 --> 01:59:41,920
yeah that's not happening that's not

3438
01:59:48,390 --> 01:59:45,360
happening right uh what you remember uh

3439
01:59:51,750 --> 01:59:48,400
uh the fifth element right

3440
01:59:54,310 --> 01:59:51,760
when they when they build her body uh at

3441
01:59:56,070 --> 01:59:54,320
the beginning of the movie this is like

3442
01:59:58,470 --> 01:59:56,080
3d printing right this is it you know

3443
02:00:00,709 --> 01:59:58,480
the the the they do the skeleton they do

3444
02:00:02,390 --> 02:00:00,719
the muscle tissue and the nervous system

3445
02:00:03,189 --> 02:00:02,400
and then the skin

3446
02:00:05,750 --> 02:00:03,199
um

3447
02:00:06,950 --> 02:00:05,760
and they do that in a couple of minutes

3448
02:00:09,109 --> 02:00:06,960
but

3449
02:00:10,790 --> 02:00:09,119
it's almost like a 3d printing concept

3450
02:00:12,790 --> 02:00:10,800
is what i'm visualizing here at the

3451
02:00:14,950 --> 02:00:12,800
other end uh

3452
02:00:16,950 --> 02:00:14,960
how long would that take and how much

3453
02:00:18,390 --> 02:00:16,960
energy are we talking about here to

3454
02:00:21,350 --> 02:00:18,400
reassemble

3455
02:00:23,109 --> 02:00:21,360
uh atomically our body if we want that

3456
02:00:24,550 --> 02:00:23,119
if we went that way better not take more

3457
02:00:25,589 --> 02:00:24,560
than a second because otherwise what's

3458
02:00:27,270 --> 02:00:25,599
happened to all the liquids they're

3459
02:00:28,550 --> 02:00:27,280
putting inside your body how about yours

3460
02:00:30,790 --> 02:00:28,560
all your blood gushing out from the

3461
02:00:32,310 --> 02:00:30,800
holes in your arteries who build you up

3462
02:00:34,550 --> 02:00:32,320
what about the liquid in your cells you

3463
02:00:36,229 --> 02:00:34,560
know you got to do that very quickly and

3464
02:00:37,669 --> 02:00:36,239
the problem is that means all those

3465
02:00:38,870 --> 02:00:37,679
atoms that you're moving into place have

3466
02:00:41,270 --> 02:00:38,880
to be moving very quickly because you're

3467
02:00:42,950 --> 02:00:41,280
printing line by line but they can't be

3468
02:00:44,870 --> 02:00:42,960
moving too quickly or they'll bounce off

3469
02:00:47,109 --> 02:00:44,880
each other when they try to assemble or

3470
02:00:48,229 --> 02:00:47,119
you'll catch on fire or because the

3471
02:00:49,510 --> 02:00:48,239
sheer amount of energy and speed

3472
02:00:51,189 --> 02:00:49,520
involved being that high if you're

3473
02:00:53,750 --> 02:00:51,199
trying to do this in just a second you

3474
02:00:55,030 --> 02:00:53,760
would probably blow up the local city

3475
02:00:56,189 --> 02:00:55,040
it would be

3476
02:00:59,430 --> 02:00:56,199
i i i

3477
02:01:02,390 --> 02:00:59,440
i imagine here

3478
02:01:04,470 --> 02:01:02,400
uh the mechanics and we're getting into

3479
02:01:06,070 --> 02:01:04,480
you know the thermal side of

3480
02:01:08,070 --> 02:01:06,080
pure physics

3481
02:01:10,870 --> 02:01:08,080
that the mechanics that would be

3482
02:01:13,350 --> 02:01:10,880
involved we don't have metals that could

3483
02:01:15,669 --> 02:01:13,360
withstand that kind of heat

3484
02:01:17,189 --> 02:01:15,679
because this would it would have to work

3485
02:01:18,149 --> 02:01:17,199
so fast

3486
02:01:21,350 --> 02:01:18,159
that

3487
02:01:22,709 --> 02:01:21,360
mechanically in the analog world

3488
02:01:24,870 --> 02:01:22,719
we don't have anything that could do

3489
02:01:26,229 --> 02:01:24,880
that kind of assembly sure you've got a

3490
02:01:28,149 --> 02:01:26,239
printer nozzle now you could put many

3491
02:01:29,830 --> 02:01:28,159
different printer nozzles on on a device

3492
02:01:31,750 --> 02:01:29,840
so it's printing as a grid but it's kind

3493
02:01:33,510 --> 02:01:31,760
of like the uh space gun example we say

3494
02:01:35,669 --> 02:01:33,520
well i can't see you shoot a laser beam

3495
02:01:37,669 --> 02:01:35,679
at me until the beam hits but i can see

3496
02:01:39,910 --> 02:01:37,679
you move that cannon and how fast you

3497
02:01:41,669 --> 02:01:39,920
can rotate that cannon towards me you

3498
02:01:43,510 --> 02:01:41,679
can't rotate it too fast or you'll rip

3499
02:01:45,990 --> 02:01:43,520
the cannon off its housing when it it

3500
02:01:47,270 --> 02:01:46,000
turns uh no matter what special metal

3501
02:01:49,750 --> 02:01:47,280
you make it out of it's still got a

3502
02:01:51,510 --> 02:01:49,760
limit as to how fast you can turn it uh

3503
02:01:53,189 --> 02:01:51,520
you know you try to make a million mile

3504
02:01:54,790 --> 02:01:53,199
long gun that's very powerful but it

3505
02:01:56,229 --> 02:01:54,800
takes a century to turn the thing to its

3506
02:01:57,669 --> 02:01:56,239
new target you know

3507
02:01:59,030 --> 02:01:57,679
now okay and that's kind of the same

3508
02:02:01,270 --> 02:01:59,040
thing applies to the printing level only

3509
02:02:03,589 --> 02:02:01,280
it's really tiny instead right and it

3510
02:02:06,149 --> 02:02:03,599
would i just can't imagine the amount of

3511
02:02:08,709 --> 02:02:06,159
heat that would be you're right we would

3512
02:02:10,709 --> 02:02:08,719
black hole into a you know into nothing

3513
02:02:13,669 --> 02:02:10,719
it would just be something incredible

3514
02:02:15,669 --> 02:02:13,679
but now that's that's in our traditional

3515
02:02:17,430 --> 02:02:15,679
way of trying to

3516
02:02:20,229 --> 02:02:17,440
uh think about this

3517
02:02:23,270 --> 02:02:20,239
but what about and the other concept

3518
02:02:25,669 --> 02:02:23,280
that they have in in star trek

3519
02:02:28,310 --> 02:02:25,679
where this is done by light and the

3520
02:02:31,189 --> 02:02:28,320
assembly it is just uh

3521
02:02:32,709 --> 02:02:31,199
moving you from one place to another

3522
02:02:34,550 --> 02:02:32,719
now that's one of those options like we

3523
02:02:36,470 --> 02:02:34,560
were saying with the uh with the warp

3524
02:02:37,669 --> 02:02:36,480
drive earlier how it's not actually

3525
02:02:39,589 --> 02:02:37,679
you're not really moving you're just

3526
02:02:40,870 --> 02:02:39,599
sucking space and time around you you

3527
02:02:42,390 --> 02:02:40,880
might be able to set something like that

3528
02:02:43,669 --> 02:02:42,400
up so that here you're standing and then

3529
02:02:46,149 --> 02:02:43,679
all the space between you and the

3530
02:02:47,830 --> 02:02:46,159
destination goes away for you know as

3531
02:02:49,510 --> 02:02:47,840
you pass down there and you just it stop

3532
02:02:51,030 --> 02:02:49,520
when you get to the destination that's

3533
02:02:52,390 --> 02:02:51,040
kind of your classic teleportation

3534
02:02:54,550 --> 02:02:52,400
similar to a wormhole in that way you're

3535
02:02:56,310 --> 02:02:54,560
just stepping out at the destination

3536
02:02:57,750 --> 02:02:56,320
that one works just fine other than the

3537
02:02:59,189 --> 02:02:57,760
problems we've mentioned about the vast

3538
02:03:00,629 --> 02:02:59,199
amounts of energy involved in creating

3539
02:03:02,229 --> 02:03:00,639
any of those too

3540
02:03:03,669 --> 02:03:02,239
the universe doesn't like me try to move

3541
02:03:05,109 --> 02:03:03,679
things very fast

3542
02:03:07,350 --> 02:03:05,119
so

3543
02:03:08,950 --> 02:03:07,360
uh it becomes problematic usually about

3544
02:03:11,189 --> 02:03:08,960
the only way you could realistically do

3545
02:03:12,950 --> 02:03:11,199
it is that mind upload into you know a

3546
02:03:15,109 --> 02:03:12,960
robot body on the end it might be a very

3547
02:03:16,629 --> 02:03:15,119
elaborate android i mean it might be

3548
02:03:17,830 --> 02:03:16,639
it's so good that you really couldn't

3549
02:03:19,030 --> 02:03:17,840
tell the difference because you'll poke

3550
02:03:20,790 --> 02:03:19,040
eat your skin

3551
02:03:22,550 --> 02:03:20,800
um it just depends on how good of a

3552
02:03:23,830 --> 02:03:22,560
android just need to be for you to feel

3553
02:03:25,750 --> 02:03:23,840
comfortable in it

3554
02:03:27,109 --> 02:03:25,760
um but

3555
02:03:28,390 --> 02:03:27,119
or you could maybe clone a body for

3556
02:03:29,830 --> 02:03:28,400
somebody if the stuff's coming in at

3557
02:03:31,910 --> 02:03:29,840
light speed it takes a long time to

3558
02:03:33,910 --> 02:03:31,920
arrive you send them the basic body

3559
02:03:35,350 --> 02:03:33,920
template and then regrow the body while

3560
02:03:37,189 --> 02:03:35,360
the rest of the data is arriving and we

3561
02:03:38,870 --> 02:03:37,199
pump you into it those are real

3562
02:03:40,550 --> 02:03:38,880
potential options people might travel

3563
02:03:42,070 --> 02:03:40,560
the solar system in the future at light

3564
02:03:44,149 --> 02:03:42,080
speed because they're just you know

3565
02:03:45,910 --> 02:03:44,159
uploading into a body at the other end

3566
02:03:47,189 --> 02:03:45,920
uh but that implies that they don't you

3567
02:03:49,030 --> 02:03:47,199
know they already kind of download into

3568
02:03:51,030 --> 02:03:49,040
their current body too that the one

3569
02:03:52,550 --> 02:03:51,040
they're wearing here is not

3570
02:03:53,750 --> 02:03:52,560
really their traditional body more but

3571
02:03:56,629 --> 02:03:53,760
more like an android they're walking

3572
02:03:58,470 --> 02:03:56,639
around on here on earth too um but that

3573
02:04:00,950 --> 02:03:58,480
again that still comes down that copying

3574
02:04:03,270 --> 02:04:00,960
thing you're not actually moving

3575
02:04:05,109 --> 02:04:03,280
yourself you're just making a copy at a

3576
02:04:06,149 --> 02:04:05,119
destination what happens to the original

3577
02:04:15,430 --> 02:04:06,159
you

3578
02:04:18,229 --> 02:04:15,440
did do that in that there are now two of

3579
02:04:20,310 --> 02:04:18,239
you there's one here in los angeles and

3580
02:04:22,870 --> 02:04:20,320
there's one of you in paris

3581
02:04:24,470 --> 02:04:22,880
at that instant let's say you don't kill

3582
02:04:26,310 --> 02:04:24,480
the original you

3583
02:04:29,669 --> 02:04:26,320
which i would assume that you would have

3584
02:04:31,189 --> 02:04:29,679
to do but let's say that well okay

3585
02:04:33,270 --> 02:04:31,199
it's a great method of colonizing the

3586
02:04:34,470 --> 02:04:33,280
universe like people often say we're not

3587
02:04:36,229 --> 02:04:34,480
going to colonize the universe because

3588
02:04:38,229 --> 02:04:36,239
home is so nice that we're never getting

3589
02:04:39,510 --> 02:04:38,239
volunteers to go or say well if i can

3590
02:04:42,070 --> 02:04:39,520
just send a copy of me to the

3591
02:04:43,830 --> 02:04:42,080
destination instead then i've got i only

3592
02:04:46,070 --> 02:04:43,840
need a few crewmen you know maybe a

3593
02:04:47,750 --> 02:04:46,080
thousand folks i can mix and match and

3594
02:04:49,109 --> 02:04:47,760
they're going to diverge from me once

3595
02:04:51,510 --> 02:04:49,119
they arrive whole different life

3596
02:04:52,550 --> 02:04:51,520
experience right so you got a unique

3597
02:04:55,350 --> 02:04:52,560
colony from all those different

3598
02:04:56,709 --> 02:04:55,360
permutations of your thousand volunteers

3599
02:04:58,149 --> 02:04:56,719
and that's an example where you could

3600
02:05:00,629 --> 02:04:58,159
actually use you know something like

3601
02:05:02,310 --> 02:05:00,639
teleportation that way it's a different

3602
02:05:03,750 --> 02:05:02,320
application the same way we say well you

3603
02:05:05,910 --> 02:05:03,760
could also use teleportation to heal

3604
02:05:07,189 --> 02:05:05,920
wounds or build muscle mass or make it

3605
02:05:09,669 --> 02:05:07,199
so you have to visit the bathroom that

3606
02:05:11,350 --> 02:05:09,679
kind of thing right but

3607
02:05:13,270 --> 02:05:11,360
i i would see

3608
02:05:15,430 --> 02:05:13,280
in in theory

3609
02:05:17,750 --> 02:05:15,440
the the problem would be the

3610
02:05:20,870 --> 02:05:17,760
entanglement literal quantum

3611
02:05:22,070 --> 02:05:20,880
entanglement of the two minds

3612
02:05:26,950 --> 02:05:22,080
you have two

3613
02:05:29,350 --> 02:05:26,960
you entangled

3614
02:05:31,109 --> 02:05:29,360
and it would be the voices in my head

3615
02:05:32,149 --> 02:05:31,119
concept right

3616
02:05:33,830 --> 02:05:32,159
well that actually is one of those

3617
02:05:35,270 --> 02:05:33,840
concerns we haven't completely ruled out

3618
02:05:36,790 --> 02:05:35,280
yet with things like awkward that

3619
02:05:38,790 --> 02:05:36,800
suggests it might be a quantum component

3620
02:05:40,870 --> 02:05:38,800
to the brain but at the same time

3621
02:05:42,390 --> 02:05:40,880
speaking of entanglement people often

3622
02:05:44,390 --> 02:05:42,400
say you can use entanglement to do

3623
02:05:45,430 --> 02:05:44,400
teleportation and you can we have

3624
02:05:47,109 --> 02:05:45,440
something called the no cloning

3625
02:05:49,350 --> 02:05:47,119
principle um the thing about

3626
02:05:51,510 --> 02:05:49,360
teleportation via quantum entanglement

3627
02:05:53,510 --> 02:05:51,520
is you're not actually um

3628
02:05:55,910 --> 02:05:53,520
moving the matter you're copying the

3629
02:05:57,350 --> 02:05:55,920
state of that person perfectly and it

3630
02:05:59,589 --> 02:05:57,360
does actually destroy the original when

3631
02:06:01,669 --> 02:05:59,599
you do that you move that data to a new

3632
02:06:03,750 --> 02:06:01,679
new place so in a way that would if you

3633
02:06:06,070 --> 02:06:03,760
get that to walk if you could entangle

3634
02:06:08,310 --> 02:06:06,080
an entire person that would be one way

3635
02:06:10,870 --> 02:06:08,320
to to uh to move somebody

3636
02:06:12,550 --> 02:06:10,880
prom is and this that we have a heck of

3637
02:06:14,629 --> 02:06:12,560
a problem in tackling even a thousand

3638
02:06:17,350 --> 02:06:14,639
atoms and you need to do like a trillion

3639
02:06:18,790 --> 02:06:17,360
trillion times that to do a person right

3640
02:06:19,750 --> 02:06:18,800
and so

3641
02:06:21,910 --> 02:06:19,760
what

3642
02:06:24,310 --> 02:06:21,920
i i just talked about uh you know the

3643
02:06:26,550 --> 02:06:24,320
the two minds the two consciousness that

3644
02:06:29,109 --> 02:06:26,560
could potentially be entangled

3645
02:06:31,350 --> 02:06:29,119
but the original you

3646
02:06:33,669 --> 02:06:31,360
and you've got the new one that is you

3647
02:06:36,310 --> 02:06:33,679
know walking around on europa or

3648
02:06:37,109 --> 02:06:36,320
wherever you just you know uh entangled

3649
02:06:39,910 --> 02:06:37,119
to

3650
02:06:41,430 --> 02:06:39,920
but you would have possibly two sets of

3651
02:06:42,870 --> 02:06:41,440
vision

3652
02:06:44,709 --> 02:06:42,880
right if there's a connection between

3653
02:06:45,910 --> 02:06:44,719
the mind right you know we can't really

3654
02:06:47,669 --> 02:06:45,920
discuss that from a scientific

3655
02:06:48,790 --> 02:06:47,679
perspective because we don't have uh you

3656
02:06:50,229 --> 02:06:48,800
know anything to indicate that there

3657
02:06:51,510 --> 02:06:50,239
would be a connection between those two

3658
02:06:54,310 --> 02:06:51,520
minds but that does bring up the other

3659
02:06:56,790 --> 02:06:54,320
aspect if i'm traveling this way to go

3660
02:06:59,030 --> 02:06:56,800
visit places how do i reintegrate those

3661
02:07:01,430 --> 02:06:59,040
memories back in my head did i go on ice

3662
02:07:03,750 --> 02:07:01,440
while my copy is is exploring mars and

3663
02:07:04,550 --> 02:07:03,760
then it uploads that new mind state to

3664
02:07:06,950 --> 02:07:04,560
my

3665
02:07:08,550 --> 02:07:06,960
on ice brain or do i find some way to

3666
02:07:10,550 --> 02:07:08,560
reintegrate these two and how confusing

3667
02:07:12,310 --> 02:07:10,560
would that be right you would have i've

3668
02:07:14,149 --> 02:07:12,320
been experiencing day here and on mars

3669
02:07:16,550 --> 02:07:14,159
and i'd make those memories fit together

3670
02:07:19,030 --> 02:07:16,560
yeah that's right you would wake up with

3671
02:07:21,030 --> 02:07:19,040
uh additional memories that you didn't

3672
02:07:22,390 --> 02:07:21,040
actually physically

3673
02:07:23,990 --> 02:07:22,400
encounter

3674
02:07:25,270 --> 02:07:24,000
and from an engineering standpoint this

3675
02:07:26,870 --> 02:07:25,280
is doubly problematic because you're

3676
02:07:28,629 --> 02:07:26,880
probably going to use some of those same

3677
02:07:30,149 --> 02:07:28,639
neurons for your experience here on

3678
02:07:32,550 --> 02:07:30,159
earth and your experience there on mars

3679
02:07:34,470 --> 02:07:32,560
so we got to carefully find new pathways

3680
02:07:35,830 --> 02:07:34,480
that we can insert those memories into

3681
02:07:37,750 --> 02:07:35,840
that's why we say we'd probably be

3682
02:07:39,030 --> 02:07:37,760
easier to sticky on ice and actually are

3683
02:07:40,310 --> 02:07:39,040
nice too because your brain doesn't shut

3684
02:07:42,550 --> 02:07:40,320
down while you're asleep so we need to

3685
02:07:44,709 --> 02:07:42,560
freeze that thing while you're off away

3686
02:07:47,669 --> 02:07:44,719
if we want to just copy it back well and

3687
02:07:48,790 --> 02:07:47,679
then you would have the learning that

3688
02:07:50,069 --> 02:07:48,800
you did

3689
02:07:52,069 --> 02:07:50,079
uh

3690
02:07:52,950 --> 02:07:52,079
in the new location maybe you read a

3691
02:07:55,189 --> 02:07:52,960
book

3692
02:07:56,470 --> 02:07:55,199
right maybe you learned karate or

3693
02:07:58,069 --> 02:07:56,480
whatever

3694
02:07:59,750 --> 02:07:58,079
and now you translate that into your

3695
02:08:01,589 --> 02:07:59,760
brain if i can translate that onto your

3696
02:08:03,430 --> 02:08:01,599
brain why can't i translate that onto

3697
02:08:04,950 --> 02:08:03,440
someone else's brain so i can just take

3698
02:08:06,790 --> 02:08:04,960
some of these experiences from their

3699
02:08:08,390 --> 02:08:06,800
trip to mars and give it to everybody

3700
02:08:10,629 --> 02:08:08,400
yeah that's fantastic

3701
02:08:14,229 --> 02:08:10,639
that's an amazing concept but

3702
02:08:17,109 --> 02:08:14,239
what i are you strongly suggesting here

3703
02:08:19,270 --> 02:08:17,119
uh are you poo pooing teleportation like

3704
02:08:21,750 --> 02:08:19,280
you did time travel

3705
02:08:22,950 --> 02:08:21,760
no no i think teleportation is one of

3706
02:08:24,790 --> 02:08:22,960
those things you can do i just think you

3707
02:08:25,910 --> 02:08:24,800
have to limit it to inside that that

3708
02:08:27,589 --> 02:08:25,920
scope of

3709
02:08:29,189 --> 02:08:27,599
you know how from a physical standpoint

3710
02:08:30,709 --> 02:08:29,199
of what we know how to do now again if

3711
02:08:33,189 --> 02:08:30,719
we invent a wormhole there you go that's

3712
02:08:34,790 --> 02:08:33,199
teleportation for you but if we have to

3713
02:08:36,310 --> 02:08:34,800
stay inside what we have now

3714
02:08:38,149 --> 02:08:36,320
technologically speaking then you've got

3715
02:08:39,830 --> 02:08:38,159
to go that mind uploader out and you

3716
02:08:41,270 --> 02:08:39,840
have to find some way to to put that

3717
02:08:43,589 --> 02:08:41,280
data into

3718
02:08:45,669 --> 02:08:43,599
uh a receptacle at the end and then copy

3719
02:08:47,109 --> 02:08:45,679
it back to the original or to a new one

3720
02:08:48,390 --> 02:08:47,119
you've made back home

3721
02:08:49,510 --> 02:08:48,400
and i think a lot of folks would feel

3722
02:08:50,870 --> 02:08:49,520
that really doesn't count as

3723
02:08:51,669 --> 02:08:50,880
teleportation

3724
02:08:55,189 --> 02:08:51,679
no

3725
02:08:58,069 --> 02:08:55,199
it arguably is it arguably is and if we

3726
02:08:59,990 --> 02:08:58,079
go full circle here and we go back to uh

3727
02:09:01,510 --> 02:09:00,000
what we talked about earlier in the show

3728
02:09:04,310 --> 02:09:01,520
with wormholes

3729
02:09:06,629 --> 02:09:04,320
and using wormholes not to necessarily

3730
02:09:10,069 --> 02:09:06,639
go across the universe or to go to the

3731
02:09:11,669 --> 02:09:10,079
moon but to use them in a local sense

3732
02:09:14,709 --> 02:09:11,679
where you would have

3733
02:09:17,430 --> 02:09:14,719
wormholes between here and houston

3734
02:09:19,830 --> 02:09:17,440
and you could use that to travel between

3735
02:09:23,990 --> 02:09:19,840
houston and that would be

3736
02:09:26,069 --> 02:09:24,000
uh teleportation but not teleportation

3737
02:09:27,589 --> 02:09:26,079
but it would certainly be transportation

3738
02:09:29,669 --> 02:09:27,599
and you could

3739
02:09:30,709 --> 02:09:29,679
you know technically teleport between

3740
02:09:33,270 --> 02:09:30,719
points

3741
02:09:35,270 --> 02:09:33,280
locally oh that's that's you gotta think

3742
02:09:37,109 --> 02:09:35,280
about how far else we can do this i

3743
02:09:39,189 --> 02:09:37,119
don't have a teleporter in my house to

3744
02:09:40,790 --> 02:09:39,199
go to houston i have one in my closet to

3745
02:09:43,030 --> 02:09:40,800
that warehouse i keep all my closet

3746
02:09:44,950 --> 02:09:43,040
stuff in right i don't have a teleporter

3747
02:09:47,589 --> 02:09:44,960
in my house to go to houston to go visit

3748
02:09:49,109 --> 02:09:47,599
the fusion plant there i have a wormhole

3749
02:09:51,189 --> 02:09:49,119
that goes in the center of the sun to

3750
02:09:53,030 --> 02:09:51,199
suck out heat to use to run that engine

3751
02:09:55,750 --> 02:09:53,040
or i have a place i dump all my waste

3752
02:09:57,350 --> 02:09:55,760
heat and garbage onto i can run a really

3753
02:09:58,709 --> 02:09:57,360
powerful heat engine on one side of a

3754
02:10:01,750 --> 02:09:58,719
wormhole that's hot and on the side

3755
02:10:04,229 --> 02:10:01,760
that's cold they'll you know i can go to

3756
02:10:06,629 --> 02:10:04,239
my refrigerator reach in and grab a

3757
02:10:08,950 --> 02:10:06,639
thing of orange juice from the store

3758
02:10:09,830 --> 02:10:08,960
that you'd never left your house for

3759
02:10:13,189 --> 02:10:09,840
yep

3760
02:10:15,030 --> 02:10:13,199
and the amount of energy

3761
02:10:16,950 --> 02:10:15,040
for that and we're at the end of the

3762
02:10:17,990 --> 02:10:16,960
show so let's get this as quick as

3763
02:10:20,149 --> 02:10:18,000
possible

3764
02:10:22,310 --> 02:10:20,159
the amount of energy to reach into your

3765
02:10:24,550 --> 02:10:22,320
refrigerator to get the orange juice

3766
02:10:26,830 --> 02:10:24,560
from the store down the street or

3767
02:10:30,229 --> 02:10:26,840
from a fresh market in

3768
02:10:32,149 --> 02:10:30,239
florida an orange plantation the amount

3769
02:10:35,430 --> 02:10:32,159
of energy to do that

3770
02:10:38,069 --> 02:10:35,440
it would have to be less than the energy

3771
02:10:40,149 --> 02:10:38,079
you would need to transport on the back

3772
02:10:41,669 --> 02:10:40,159
of a truck

3773
02:10:43,430 --> 02:10:41,679
right

3774
02:10:45,030 --> 02:10:43,440
i mean if you've got if you can make you

3775
02:10:46,870 --> 02:10:45,040
know your power plants out of stars and

3776
02:10:49,030 --> 02:10:46,880
dump your waste heat into the void do

3777
02:10:50,950 --> 02:10:49,040
you care how much energy you're using

3778
02:10:52,709 --> 02:10:50,960
does it matter that you might have used

3779
02:10:54,470 --> 02:10:52,719
more energy than the whole us used in

3780
02:10:56,870 --> 02:10:54,480
the last 50 years to grab that bottle of

3781
02:10:58,149 --> 02:10:56,880
orange juice that's right that's right

3782
02:11:02,310 --> 02:10:58,159
fascinating

3783
02:11:03,270 --> 02:11:02,320
uh

3784
02:11:05,189 --> 02:11:03,280
to

3785
02:11:05,990 --> 02:11:05,199
uh sit here and actually think about

3786
02:11:07,910 --> 02:11:06,000
this

3787
02:11:11,910 --> 02:11:07,920
the with the

3788
02:11:14,790 --> 02:11:11,920
amount of technology that we have uh

3789
02:11:18,629 --> 02:11:14,800
overcome in the last hundred years we

3790
02:11:20,950 --> 02:11:18,639
have it's been absolutely incredible

3791
02:11:22,310 --> 02:11:20,960
how close are we to seeing some of these

3792
02:11:25,430 --> 02:11:22,320
come into play

3793
02:11:27,350 --> 02:11:25,440
is it 10 years is it 5 years is it 50 is

3794
02:11:28,550 --> 02:11:27,360
it something that we can enjoy in our

3795
02:11:30,390 --> 02:11:28,560
lifetime

3796
02:11:31,669 --> 02:11:30,400
for so many things like warm horse time

3797
02:11:33,430 --> 02:11:31,679
travel or fast and light or

3798
02:11:34,629 --> 02:11:33,440
teleportation i tend to think it's

3799
02:11:36,069 --> 02:11:34,639
either we're going to get in the next

3800
02:11:37,990 --> 02:11:36,079
century or two

3801
02:11:38,950 --> 02:11:38,000
or we're never going to get it ever

3802
02:11:40,470 --> 02:11:38,960
because it's one of those things where

3803
02:11:41,830 --> 02:11:40,480
if it's possible i don't think it's

3804
02:11:42,950 --> 02:11:41,840
going to take us all that much longer to

3805
02:11:45,990 --> 02:11:42,960
figure it out

3806
02:11:47,189 --> 02:11:46,000
next couple centuries or it's not going

3807
02:11:50,709 --> 02:11:47,199
to happen

3808
02:11:53,189 --> 02:11:50,719
and what about as crazy as uh this warp

3809
02:11:54,950 --> 02:11:53,199
drive idea is

3810
02:11:56,550 --> 02:11:54,960
when nasa says you know what we're going

3811
02:11:58,390 --> 02:11:56,560
to put this on the drawing board we're

3812
02:11:59,430 --> 02:11:58,400
going to get this from proof of concept

3813
02:12:01,510 --> 02:11:59,440
to

3814
02:12:05,109 --> 02:12:01,520
something very soon here

3815
02:12:06,870 --> 02:12:05,119
that is real science fiction clark tech

3816
02:12:08,069 --> 02:12:06,880
uh ideas

3817
02:12:09,589 --> 02:12:08,079
uh but

3818
02:12:11,669 --> 02:12:09,599
if you were gonna put

3819
02:12:14,069 --> 02:12:11,679
you know a time stamp on this how close

3820
02:12:16,069 --> 02:12:14,079
are we to a warp drive

3821
02:12:18,470 --> 02:12:16,079
say man so sometime in the next century

3822
02:12:21,350 --> 02:12:18,480
or never really you don't think it would

3823
02:12:23,589 --> 02:12:21,360
be ten years well i mean it could be

3824
02:12:25,589 --> 02:12:23,599
that soon i i think as i tend to be on

3825
02:12:27,270 --> 02:12:25,599
the side of neville for that but uh i

3826
02:12:29,109 --> 02:12:27,280
tend to think that if you can find me

3827
02:12:30,550 --> 02:12:29,119
one atom of negative matter just one

3828
02:12:32,470 --> 02:12:30,560
atom that we can prove is negative

3829
02:12:33,910 --> 02:12:32,480
matter then within a couple decades they

3830
02:12:35,430 --> 02:12:33,920
are tops you know because you've proven

3831
02:12:37,109 --> 02:12:35,440
it can be done you know what's there

3832
02:12:38,950 --> 02:12:37,119
you're going to throw a resource at it

3833
02:12:40,310 --> 02:12:38,960
until you get it working but until

3834
02:12:42,709 --> 02:12:40,320
you've got that

3835
02:12:44,550 --> 02:12:42,719
basic proof of concept that says this is

3836
02:12:46,229 --> 02:12:44,560
definitely possible here's your one atom

3837
02:12:47,430 --> 02:12:46,239
of negative matter

3838
02:12:48,310 --> 02:12:47,440
we don't know if it can be done at all

3839
02:12:50,149 --> 02:12:48,320
and we're not really putting a lot of

3840
02:12:52,229 --> 02:12:50,159
effort into it so

3841
02:12:54,069 --> 02:12:52,239
10 20 years after we discover negative

3842
02:12:55,750 --> 02:12:54,079
matter we'll have the thing that might

3843
02:12:57,589 --> 02:12:55,760
be now that might be next year that

3844
02:12:59,350 --> 02:12:57,599
might be next century that might be 10

3845
02:13:02,550 --> 02:12:59,360
days after doomsday

3846
02:13:04,870 --> 02:13:02,560
your next episode of future science you

3847
02:13:06,790 --> 02:13:04,880
release stuff on thursdays what's coming

3848
02:13:08,629 --> 02:13:06,800
up for you uh this week

3849
02:13:09,270 --> 02:13:08,639
ah space toys and we're actually talking

3850
02:13:11,109 --> 02:13:09,280
about that a little bit with

3851
02:13:13,270 --> 02:13:11,119
teleportation you can run off to mars

3852
02:13:14,709 --> 02:13:13,280
we're gonna look at uh space hotels and

3853
02:13:16,390 --> 02:13:14,719
things in the near future and like we so

3854
02:13:17,910 --> 02:13:16,400
often do we look at the near future and

3855
02:13:20,149 --> 02:13:17,920
then we have to jump centuries ahead and

3856
02:13:21,910 --> 02:13:20,159
see what's really on the agenda for our

3857
02:13:23,430 --> 02:13:21,920
descendants or maybe even us if we

3858
02:13:25,910 --> 02:13:23,440
managed to make it around that long

3859
02:13:28,470 --> 02:13:25,920
thank you so much thursdays uh have

3860
02:13:30,629 --> 02:13:28,480
never been the same

3861
02:13:31,589 --> 02:13:30,639
thank you so much isaac enjoy the rest

3862
02:13:33,030 --> 02:13:31,599
of your life

3863
02:13:36,390 --> 02:13:33,040
i know you've got a lot of work to do

3864
02:13:41,189 --> 02:13:38,470
isaac arthur

3865
02:13:44,149 --> 02:13:41,199
incredible now for everybody it's uh all

3866
02:13:46,709 --> 02:13:44,159
simple to do isaacarthur.net

3867
02:13:49,109 --> 02:13:46,719
and future science right there on

3868
02:13:50,790 --> 02:13:49,119
youtube what a great conversation

3869
02:13:53,109 --> 02:13:50,800
tonight isaac stay right there i'll talk

3870
02:13:54,950 --> 02:13:53,119
to you as soon as we sign off

3871
02:13:56,709 --> 02:13:54,960
fade to black's executive producer is

3872
02:13:58,709 --> 02:13:56,719
rita murray on shows produced by hilton

3873
02:14:00,790 --> 02:13:58,719
j paul renee dennis and bob announcers

3874
02:14:03,750 --> 02:14:00,800
are steve harter gene vettel and mark d

3875
02:14:06,229 --> 02:14:03,760
kovar webmaster is drew the geek music

3876
02:14:08,390 --> 02:14:06,239
doug aldridge intro spaceboy

3877
02:14:10,550 --> 02:14:08,400
spaceboymusic.com

3878
02:14:12,310 --> 02:14:10,560
dated black is produced by kjcr for the

3879
02:14:13,830 --> 02:14:12,320
game changer network and syndication is

3880
02:14:15,669 --> 02:14:13,840
kgra

3881
02:14:17,830 --> 02:14:15,679
the planet this broadcast zone and

3882
02:14:19,830 --> 02:14:17,840
copyrighted 2019 by fade to black and

3883
02:14:21,990 --> 02:14:19,840
the game changer network it cannot be

3884
02:14:23,990 --> 02:14:22,000
re-broadcast downloaded copied or used

3885
02:14:25,750 --> 02:14:24,000
anywhere in the known universe

3886
02:14:27,350 --> 02:14:25,760
without written permission from paid to

3887
02:14:29,510 --> 02:14:27,360
black or the game changer network i'm

3888
02:14:31,510 --> 02:14:29,520
your host jimmy church tomorrow night

3889
02:14:34,310 --> 02:14:31,520
jason quit right here

3890
02:14:35,589 --> 02:14:34,320
his new drone footage that he just shot

3891
02:14:38,470 --> 02:14:35,599
in italy

3892
02:14:40,470 --> 02:14:38,480
and what is in it is incredible we'll do

3893
02:14:43,589 --> 02:14:40,480
all of that tomorrow night but until

3894
02:14:45,580 --> 02:14:43,599
then i want everybody to be safe

3895
02:14:58,950 --> 02:14:45,590
go backly tappy

3896
02:14:58,960 --> 02:15:03,510
wow

3897
02:15:03,520 --> 02:15:13,589
[Music]

3898
02:15:13,599 --> 02:15:22,540
so